Origin of the Species by Charles Darwin

Idea of progress.
Before, it was believed that each generation degenerated more and more. Overturning of the model by this theory. Thus in Genesis we start in the Garden of Eden but soon must leave. Early people like Noah and Methuselah lived centuries, but the life expectancy slowly decreased.
There were 4 Ages in Greek Mythology, each worse than the previous age.:

Theory of Evolution: Things go from worse to better. They develop in an upward fashion. Diagrams showed the progress from apes to humans, and the progress of civilizaton. The ages have been reversed to show improvement:

Logical Positivism – science has the answer. Things are improving.
Marx, logical thinker. Traces stages to Capitalism. Political philosophy ® political science developed from it.
Darwin, Marx & Freud ~ great thinkers. Revolt against religion.
Darwinian theory: refuted religious creation of world & man. Species is mutable. Real alternative to creation by God. Men = animals.
Theme of loneliness – strain to find meaning. No God, so we are alone in universe.
Romantic Projection – create morals, values,
Shift to treating Bible like a product of society. Books of Bible don’t fit together because of different origins (Wellheusen made a source analysis of Genesis-Deuteronomy & concluded they weren't written by Moses but compiled from 4 different sources).