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List the author, title, etc. that would be needed to make the entry
in the bibliography of the proposal and long report.
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On this card, put one piece of information; this information would be documented to the source. Put direct quotes in quotation marks; put all other information in your own words. Read the textbook explanation of note taking and documentation as well as the material on the English 303 Web site. The page number for this note from Source A goes in the bottom right corner: page 16
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| December 29,
1995
Source A
First Vaccine Against Ebola Virus NEW YORK (Reuters) -- Researchers have developed the first vaccine that effectively immunizes laboratory animals against the deadly Ebola virus. According to a report in the January issue of the journal Nature Medicine, the new vaccine is a form of gene therapy using pieces of DNA that give rise to viral proteins. Injected into the muscles of guinea pigs, the vaccine resulted in proteins that triggered immunity against the virus. In tests, animals exposed to the virus two months after immunization did not become infected. Guinea pigs were used because they are very susceptible to the Ebola virus, just as humans are. According to the study's leader, Dr. Gary Nabel, professor of internal medicine and biological chemistry at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, the findings can be viewed as "an important first step" towards a vaccine for the Ebola virus. "Most people who die from Ebola infection have no evidence that they have generated immunity to the virus," Nabel points out. "That's why the news that it is possible to generate immunity to Ebola is good news because we didn't really know that a vaccine would be possible," he says. The vaccine used in the study contains plasmids, segments of laboratory-grown DNA responsible for the production of certain Ebola virus proteins. It is these proteins that the immune system recognizes as foreign. Thus, vaccinated animals exposed to the Ebola virus are able to resist the infection. [Section in red is found on note card below, from Source A] Ebola virus infection progresses rapidly, causing internal and external bleeding, and is swiftly fatal, often within days. But study co-authors at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, found no traces of the virus in the organs of any of the immunized animals they examined. Nabel says the next step is to study the vaccine in non-human primates, followed by carefully controlled trials of the vaccine's safety and efficacy in people. "In none of these trials will human subjects be exposed to the Ebola virus," Nabel says. If the next phase of studies proves promising, he estimates that testing in people could begin within one to two years. SOURCE: Nature Medicine (1997;4(1):37-42)
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Source A
"First Vaccine Against Ebola Virus"
Nature Medicine (1997;4(1):37-42) OnLine Source: American Heart Association (AHA) at URL
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Source A
page 37
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