To go the Table of Contents
Headings and Text Formatting
The following two pages give some examples of text Formatting and
Heading
use for this course; after the second page, there is a discussion of
Documentation
and Plagiarism. The following two pages are double-spaced and have
indented
paragraphs, as should your reports. [This formatting is based on
viewing
in a 12 point font; other sizes--larger sized in particular-- may
change
the appearance of these two pages]
Headings:
FIRST ORDER
SECOND ORDER
Text
begins on
this line; always leave a blank line after a second-order heading.
Note that in this example, the second order heading is in all caps at
the
left margin; the
other option is to center it in initial caps.
Third Order
Text begins on this line; always leave a blank line after a third-order
heading. Note
that in this example, the third and fourth order headings are
underlined;
they could also be
placed in bold-face type and not underlined. If one heading
level in
bold-faced, then all
should be; if they are bold-faced, then underlining does not
seem necessary.
Fourth Order.
Note
that this heading is indented and has the text beginning on the
same line.
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Here is a second example of heading use, with the second order
headings
centered:
FIRST ORDER
Second Order
Leave a blank line before and after a
second-order
heading. Note that this second
order heading is centered and in initial caps; the other
option is to
put it in all caps at the
left margin.
Third Order
Leave a blank line before and after a third-order heading.
Fourth Order.
The
text goes on the same line. Then, the text goes back to the
margin on the next lint. In this example, the third and fourth
order
headings are bold-faced
rather than underlining them.
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DOCUMENTATION AND PLAGIARISM
English 303 emphasizes research techniques. It is important that
each
student find and analyze data to be used for supporting conclusions and
recommendations:
-
Notes must be taken carefully, and it will be necessary to turn in
photocopies
of some sources, to demonstrate the accuracy of your note taking.
- It is critical that you use source material not only accurately
but that
you give the sources of all information that you integrate into your
paper.
Not only must you give the exact source of all quoted material; it is
just
as critical that you give the source of any summarized information or
even
information that contributed to your background understanding of ideas.
In the academic and commercial world, it is crucial that you not use
information
without giving credit to the source. If a quotation is used, it must be
exactly as the original; if a summary is used, it must be in your
words,
not in the words of the source with only a few changes. And, in a
research
paper, it is important that the whole analysis be based on information
from expert sources; without reference to such sources, the paper will
lack validity. So, the process of the DOCUMENTATION
of
ideas -- getting information from sources,
reproducing
it accurately in a paper, and giving credit through notes and a
bibliography
-- is an essential component of English 303.
- The Report will use a numbered bibliography; then, sources will
use those
bibliography numbers, plus page numbers, as the documentation system.
Here
is an example: "The boat sank without a
trace"
(3:78). This information is a direct quote; it would be
found
on page 78 of the source listed as #3 in the bibliography. Here is an
example
that is a summary, putting the information in the words of the writer
of
the paper: Jones said that the boat sank (3:78). Note that each
is documented and that the period follows the documentation.
Examples
of the documentation system can be found in the Examples of Each
Section
of the Long Report Sections under Long Report Information
on
the Table of Contents page.
In order to
evaluate each student's work fairly as a piece of work in itself
and in comparison to the work of other students, it is necessary that
all
work be done honestly by the student who submits it for a grade. To be
sure that you are following these guidelines, keep the following terms
and definitions in mind as you research and write:
PLAGIARISM means presenting the
words, work, or opinions of someone else as if they were your own--in
other
words, without correct DOCUMENTATION to the original source.
DOCUMENTATION refers to the
process of citing sources--giving the origin and form of the
source material--through quotation marks, footnotes, endnotes, or
in-text
notes, and a bibliography. Those quotation marks, notes, and
bibliography
give the author, title, and necessary publication data about the origin
of the source material and show whether the author's exact words are
being
used or a summary of those words is being presented.
-
You commit plagiarism if you submit the following without documentation
(through footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes)--in other words, as if
it were your own work alone:
-
Material summarized or quoted from an unpublished
source such as another person's manuscript or notes.
(Example--another
student's paper).
-
Material copied, paraphrased, or summarized from a published
source such as a book, magazine, or pamphlet. (Example--a
passage
from a book in the library).
-
A unique idea or sequence of ideas transferred from a source to
your paper
without giving credit to that source. (Example--giving the Theory of
Relativity
without citing Albert Einstein as the author of that theory).
-
You commit plagiarism if you reproduce the exact words from a
published
source but do not enclose the quoted words in quotation marks. This
action
is considered plagiarism even if you document the material by
giving
the correct source of the information. It is plagiarism because you
are telling the reader that you wrote those words in your paper when in
fact you have copied those words from another writer but are presenting
them as your own words.
-
You are an accomplice in plagiarism if you do any of the following:
-
Allow your paper, in outline or finished form, to be copied and
submitted
as if it were the work of another student.
-
Prepare a written assignment for another student and allow it to be
submitted
as that student's work.
-
Keep or contribute to a file of papers with the clear intent that these
papers be copied and submitted as the work of anyone other than the
original
author of each paper.