Horace & Juvenal

We shouldn't confuse the satyr play of Greece with Roman satires. Rome developed its own tradition of satire independently, one of the only literary genres the Romans created. It could be either dactylic hexameter or a mixture of prose and verse. According to the OED, satire is, "A poem or (in later use) a novel, film, or other work of art which uses humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize prevailing immorality or foolishness, esp. as a form of social or political commentary."

Characteristics of Satire

1. Moral
   
2. Irony
3. Sarcasm
4. Fake praise
5. Obvious untruths
6. Hyperbole
7. Political overtones
8. Humor
   
9. Ridicule

Types of Satire

Even today, we categorize satire by the ancient practitioners who made each famous.

1. Horatian: Horace playfully mocked the societal norms of his day, and the satire named after him is clever, yet gentle. Rather than attacking evils, Horatian satire ridicules universal human folly so that the reader might identify with what is being critiqued and laugh at him/herself as well as at society.
2. Juvenalian: Unlike Horace, Juvenal attacked public officials and governmental organizations through his satires. He regarded their opinions not just as wrong, but instead as evil. Juvenalian satire thus is more contemptuous and abrasive, and uses strong irony and sarcasm. Polarized political satire is often of this nature, and aims to provoke change. Juvenalian satire is often more bitter than humorous.
   
3. Menippean: Menippus was Greek, and most of his works were lost. The Roman writer Lucian translated and adapted much of his work, so he is the main source for Menippean satire. Menippean satire criticizes mental attitudes rather than societal norms or specific individuals. This type of satire often ridicules single-minded people, such as bigots, misers, braggarts, and so on. We find in Lucian fantastic events like a parliament of the gods or a trip to the moon. Some of his stuff borders on science fiction.
   

If satire were a candy bar, what kind would each be?

• Juvenalian. Baking chocolate
  
• Horatian.  Milk Chocolate
  
• Menippean. Willy Wonka
  
  
  

Juvenal

Juvenal wants a return to the virtus from the good old days.

People who make Juvenal angry. Very angry.

Flabby eunuchs marry.	Haec vir	"Girly men"
Well-born girls hunt pigs with spears.	Hic mulier.	"Manly girls."

     
     

Crispinus. Egyptian slave. He's rich. Nouveau riche

Chiseling Advocate. Lawyer

Jewish people

Greeks. "Conquered Greece conquered Rome."
Bus. Bus driver.
Taxi. Taxi driver, cabbie.
Limousine. Chauffeur. 1066.