What difference does the conjugation number make? |
Copyright Claude Pavur 1998, at Saint Louis University. This material is made freely available for non-commercial educational use. Adjust the font-size on your browser until the tables appear correctly.
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Present Indicative Active |
Notice the differences in the vowels that precede the regular personal endings.
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Imp. vowel/
3d pl. |
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am-Ô
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am-AS
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am-AT
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am-ÂMUS
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am-ÂTIS
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am-ANT
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-A- / -ANT
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mon-EÔ
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mon-ÊS
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mon-ET
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mon-ÊMUS
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mon-ÊTIS
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mon-ENT
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-E- / -ENT
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reg-Ô
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reg-IS
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reg-IT
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rég-IMUS
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rég-ITIS
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reg-UNT
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-I- / -UNT
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aud-IÔ
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aud-ÎS
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aud-IT
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aud-ÎMUS
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aud-ÎTIS
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aud-IUNT
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-I- / -IUNT
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cap-IÔ
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cap-IS
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cap-IT
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cáp-IMUS
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cáp-ITIS
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cap-IUNT
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-I- / -IUNT
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Nota Bene: Verbs ending in -EO tend to be SECOND conjugation. Verbs ending in -IO tend to be THIRD-IO or FOURTH conjugation.
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Imperfect Indicative Active |
Notice the differences in the vowels that precede the tense sign -BA-.
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am-Â-BA-M
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am-Â-BA-S
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am-Â-BA-T
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am-Â-BÂ-MUS
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am-Â-BÂTIS
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am-Â-BANT
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mon-Ê-BA-M
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mon-Ê-BA-S
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mon-Ê-BA-T
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mon-Ê-BÂ-MUS
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mon-Ê-BÂ-TIS
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mon-Ê-BA-NT
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reg-Ê-BA-M
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reg-Ê-BA-S
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reg-Ê-BA-T
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rég-Ê-BÂ-MUS
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rég-Ê-BÂ-TIS
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reg-Ê-BA-NT
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aud-IÊ-BA-M
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aud-IÊ-BA-S
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aud-IÊ-BA-T
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aud-IÊ-BÂ-MUS
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aud-IÊ-BÂ-TIS
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aud-IÊ-BANT
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cap-IÊ-BA-M
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cap-IÊ-BA-S
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cap-IÊ-BA-T
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cáp-IÊ-BÂ-MUS
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cáp-IÊ-BÂ-TIS
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cap-IÊ-BA-NT
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Nota Bene:
ALL CONJUGATIONS have -BA- preceded by a long vowel.
FIRST CONJUGATION verbs have -Â- before the -BA-.
SECOND and THIRD CONJUGATION verbs have -Ê- before the -BA-.
THIRD-IO and FOURTH CONJUGATION verbs have -IÊ- before the -BA-.
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Future Indicative Active |
Notice the differences in the syllables signifying the future tense: -BO / -BI- / -BU- for I and II and -A- / -E- for the other conjugations.
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am-Â-B-Ô
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am-Â-BI-S
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am-Â-BI-T
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am-Â-BI-MUS
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am-Â-BITIS
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am-Â-BU-NT
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mon-Ê-B-Ô
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mon-Ê-BI-S
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mon-Ê-BI-T
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mon-Ê-BI-MUS
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mon-Ê-BI-TIS
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mon-Ê-BU-NT
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reg-A-M
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reg-Ê-S
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reg-E-T
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reg-Ê-MUS
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reg-Ê-TIS
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reg-E-NT
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aud-IA-M
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aud-IÊ-S
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aud-IE-T
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aud-IÊ-MUS
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aud-IÊ-TIS
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aud-IE-NT
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cap-IA-M
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cap-IÊ-S
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cap-IE-T
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cap-IÊ-MUS
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cap-IÊ-TIS
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cáp-IE--NT
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Nota Bene:
FIRST and SECOND CONJUGATION verbs have a -B- to begin the tense signifier.
THIRD,THIRD-IO, and FOURTH CONJUGATION verbs have -AM or -IAM in the first person singular.
THIRD CONJUGATION verbs have -Ê- or -E- before other personal ending.
THIRD-IO and FOURTH CONJUGATION verbshave -IÊ- or -IE- before other other personal ending.
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Perfect Indicative Active |
Notice the similarities across all the conjugations .
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amâv-Î
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amâv-ISTÎ
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amâv-IT
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amâv-IMUS
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amâv-ISTIS
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amâv-ÊRUNT
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mónu-Î
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monu-ISTÎ
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mónu-IT
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monú-IMUS
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monu-ISTIS
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monu-ÊRUNT
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rex-Î
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rex-ISTÎ
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rex-IT
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réx-IMUS
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rex-ISTIS
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rex-ÊRUNT
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audîv-Î
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audîv-ISTÎ
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audîv-IT
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audîv-IMUS
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audîv-ISTIS
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audîv-ÊRUNT
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cêp-Î
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cêp-ISTÎ
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cêp-IT
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cêp-IMUS
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cêp-ISTIS
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cêp-ÊRUNT
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Nota Bene: All Conjugations add the same endings to the perfect stem ( taken from the 3d principal part of the verb, usually the third part without the final -î).
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Past Perfect (= Pluperfect) Indicative Active |
Notice the similarities across all the conjugations.
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amâv-ERA -M
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amâv-ERÂ -S
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amâv-ERA -T
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amâv-ERÂ -MUS
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amâv-ERÂ-TIS
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amâv-ERA-NT
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monú-ERA -M
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monú-ERÂ -S
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monú-ERA -T
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monu-ERÂ -MUS
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monu-ERÂ-TIS
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monú-ERA-NT
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réx-ERA -M
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réx-ERÂ -S
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réx-ERA -T
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rex-ERÂ -MUS
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rex-ERÂ-TIS
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rex-ERA-NT
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audîv-ERA -M
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audîv-ERÂ -S
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audîv-ERA -T
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audîv-ERÂ -MUS
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audîv-ERÂ-TIS
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audîv-ERA-NT
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cêp-ERA -M
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cêp-ERÂ -S
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cêp-ERA -T
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cêp-ERÂ -MUS
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cêp-ERÂ-TIS
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cêp-ERA-NT
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Nota Bene: All Conjugations add the regular endings to the same pluperfect signifier -ERA- , which attaches to the perfect stem.
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Future Perfect Indicative Active |
Notice the similarities across all the conjugations.
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amâv-ER -Ô
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amâv-ERI -S
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amâv-ERI -T
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amâv-ÉRI -MUS
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amâv-ÉRI -TIS
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amâv-ERI-NT
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monú-ER -Ô
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monú-ERI -S
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monú-ERI -T
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monu-ÉRI -MUS
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monu-ÉRI -TIS
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monú-ERI-NT
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rex-ER -Ô
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rex-ERI -S
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rex-ERI -T
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rex-ÉRI -MUS
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rex-ÉRI -TIS
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rex-ERI-NT
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audîv-ER -Ô
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audîv-ERI -S
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audîv-ERI -T
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audîv-ÉRI -MUS
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audîv-ÉRI -TIS
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audîv-ERI-NT
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cêp-ER -Ô
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cêp-ERI -S
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cêp-ERI -T
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cêp-ÉRI -MUS
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cêp-ÉRI -TIS
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cêp-ERI-NT
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Nota Bene: All Conjugations add the regular endings to the same future perfect signifier, -ERI- , which attaches to the perfect stem, except for the first person singular, which ends in -ERO.
Present Perfect / Past Perfect / Future Perfect Indicative Passives |
Nota Bene: The ending of the past participle by itself declines in all genders and cases, exactly like bonus -a -um. In these perfect passive verb forms it will typically be nominative singular or plural in each of the genders.
All conjugations form the passive perfect tenses by taking the perfect participle ( = the fourth principal part) and adding various forms for the verb to be.
