Second Declension
|
Case Name
|
Sing./Plural
|
Examples |
|
NominativeThe "subject case": the subject is the word found by asking WHO or WHAT before the verb. |
-US /
|
-Î |
puer, puerî
Puer amicus est.
|
GenitiveThe "possession case": The genitive word corresponds to the word that takes an apostrophe in English. If (A) is in the genitive, (A) possesses something else (B), with the emphasis falling on (B), so that (A) is somewhat like a modifier of (B): in student's book (= discipuli liber), the possession-word qualifies the meaning of the noun book. |
-Î |
-ÔRUM |
puerî, puerôrum
Amicus puerî clamat.
|
DativeThe "indirect object case": the indirect object is found by asking TO / FOR WHOM? or TO / FOR WHAT? after the verb. Certain verbs govern the dative. |
-Ô |
-ÎS |
puerô, puerîs
Puerô pecuniam dat.
|
AccusativeThe "direct object case": the direct object is usually found by asking WHO or WHAT after an action-verb whose action has a receiver. "We hold these truths." The accusative is also used after certain prepositions. |
-UM |
-ÔS |
puerum, puerôs
Puella puerum videt.
|
AblativeThe "by-with-from case": Certain prepositions take objects in this case. Used alone it can have an adverbial meaning, e.g., indicating how something is done. |
-Ô |
-ÎS |
puerô, puerîs
A puerô litterae scriptae sunt.
|