Relative Pronouns

Qui, Quae, Quod (singular)   Qui, Quae, Quae (plural)


 

Be able to reproduce this chart mentally or orally sine morâ.

Index

 
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Usual Translation
         
nom. sg.
quî
quae
quod
who, which, what, that
gen. sg.
cuius
cuius
cuius
whose, of whom, of which
dat. sg.
cui
cui
cui
to/for whom; to/for which
acc. sg.
quem
quam
quod
whom, which, that
abl. sg.
quô
quâ
quô
by whom; by which
         
nom. pl.
quî
quae
quae
who, which, what, that
gen. pl.
quôrum
quârum
quôrum
whose, of whom, of which
dat. pl.
quibus
quibus
quibus
to/for whom; to/for which
acc. pl.
quôs
quâs
quae
whom, which, that
abl. pl.
quibus
quibus
quibus
by whom; by which
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Rules to Remember:

1. The CASE (of the relative pronoun) comes from the (relative) CLAUSE.

2. The GENDER and NUMBER come from the antecedent.

 

The case of the relative pronoun derives from its use in its own, dependent clause:

I liked the book that she gave me.   Mihi placebat liber quem mihi dedit.

1. The dependent clause is "that she gave me." The relative word that is in the accusative case because it is the object in its own clause: She gave what? She gave that.

2. The gender and number of quem must be masculine and singular because the antecedent liber is masculine and singular.
 
 

Further examples:
 

The man who wrote the book is working hard. Vir qui librum scripsit diligenter laborat.
The woman who is running toward the field is his sister. Femina quae ad agrum currit soror ei est.
He will see the river whose waters are dangerous. Flumen videbit cuius aquae periculosae sunt.
The tyrant is a person for whom no leisure is safe. Tyrannus est homo cui nullum otium tutum est.
He gave a gift to the woman whom we saw there. Donum dedit feminae quam ibi vidimus.
Caesar, about whom this book says many things, has died. Mortuus est Caesar, de quo hic liber multa dicit.

 

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