RALEIGH, N. C., March IWi, 1865. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Federal army is in Fayetteville this morning. Hardee and Hampton near on this side. General Bragg's troops are returning to Goldsboro' from Kinston, where the force opposed to his was heavily reinforced from Wilmington. That force was beaten by General Bragg with Hill's and Hoke's troops on the 8th.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
RALEIGH, March 13th, 1865. To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
Following received, dated March 12th, 8 r. M., from near Fayetteville: "En emy crossed Cape Fear River (at 11 A. M.) at Cedar Creek, Fayetteville, and Elliott's ferry, seven miles above. I move up to cover all ferries above. En emy's purpose not developed.—W. J. Hardee."
If these crossings are in force, a movement eastward is intended. Hope to see you soon. J. E. JOHNSTON.
£56 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVII.
Telegram.
GREENSBORO', N. C., March Uth, 1835.
Genl. Jos. E. JOHNSTON, Raleigh :
Sherman is moving, doubtless to form junction with. ScliofieliTs forces about Goldsboro'. As you cannot yet check him, it would be well to concentrate all your forces against Schofield and crush him before that junction can be made.
G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
HEADQUARTERS. RALEIGH, N. C., March 15f//., 18G5: 7 A. M.
Received from Smith's Ferry, 2 r. M., 14th, via Bonbec's 15th, 4 A. M., by General Johnston :
"The enemy advanced on the river and plank roads to-day to Silver Creek, where I had a brigade of infantry. Hampton fell back. At his request the infantry was withdrawn, and the line occupied by dismounted cavalry. The enemy came up, felt the lines sharply, and retired about four miles. I was on the cavalry front myself to-day, and don't think the advance in this direc tion was serious or in large force. Distant cannonading heard this evening; supposed to be on the Clinton road, in Butler's front. I expect to hear from him during the night." W. J. HARDEE.
Official.
W. HAMPTON, Jr., Lieut., and A. D. C.
Telegram. AYERYSBORO', March 15M, 1SG5, via BONBEE'S
15TH: 12.30 P. M. Genl. J. E. JOHNSTON, Raleigh. N. C.:
The enemy, after being checked at Silver Run, retired towards Fayettcville. Hampton has transferred his command over Black River to be in front of any movement upon Goldsboro'. I heard nothing from Butler on the Clinton road during the night, and I am holding my command here awaiting further infor mation. Prisoners say Sherman is receiving supplies at Fayctteville, by water, from Wilmington. W. J. HARDEE.
Telegram.
SMITIIFIELD, March 16th, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD:
General Orders No. 2: General G. T. Beauregard is announced as second in command of this army. By order of General Johnston.
ARCHER ANDERSON, A. A. G.
Telegram.
SMITIIMELD, March 17th, 1355. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
The enemy were attacking General Hardee's position, five miles south of Averysboro', all day yesterday. Always repulsed. Our loss between four and five hundred. Prisoners taken this morning report Federals at thirty-three hundred. Please hurry S. D. Lee, and desire commanding officer at Salisbury to send our transportation and artillery horses along the railroad, to be taken up wherever they may meet trains. J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
SMITHFIELD, March 20th, 1865. To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
The 15tb and 17th corps were yesterday moving on the road from Fayctte-ville to Goldsboro'; the 14th and 20th on that from Averysboro'. We attacked the latter force at 3 P. M., routed one corps, capturing three guns; but a mile in rear the enemy rallied on fresh troops. We were able to press all back slowly until six, when, apparently receiving fresh troops, he attempted the offensive, which we resisted without difficulty until dark. Our troops behaved hand somely. This morning enemy was intrenched. We have now the whole army in our front. The 15th Corps, moving from direction of Goldsboro' on our left flank and rear, made it necessary to change our front so as to look to the south. There has so far been only skirmishing to-day. Please give this information to the Governor in my name. J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
NEAR BENTONVILLE, March 2lst, 1865: 7.10 A. M. Geul. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
We are remaining here to cover the removal of our wounded to railroad at Smithfield. The enemy's intrenched position and greatly superior number— Sherman's army being iii our front—makes further offensive impracticable.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
NEAR SMITHFIELD, Marcli 23d, 1865. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD:
Sherman's whole army being intrenched in our frout on morning of 20th, we did not attack, but held our position to cover removal of wounded and oc cupy enemy. There was heavy skirmishing 20th and 21st, and several partial attacks by him handsomely repulsed. Troops of Tennessee Army have fully disproved slander that has been published against them. Evening and night of 21st enemy moved towards Goldsboro', and yesterday we came here.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
SMITHFIELD, March 24M, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Sherman and Schofield have united at Goldsboro'. Seven corps. I am plac ing our troops north of the depot and near it. Our cavalry is moving forward. Do urge Lee forward. His troops ought to march in several bodies, those lead ing never to wait for those following. General Leo seems to be committing the error of making the front wait for the rear. On reaching railroad, marching should be continued by those not taken up at Chester until they meet trains.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
RALEIGH, N. C., March 24th, 1865: 1.35 P. M.
Genl. S. D. LEE, at Chester, S. C. (or to be forwarded):
General Johnston desires you to urge forward your troops as rapidly as pos-
II.—41
sible. Oil reaching tlio Charlotte Railroad, marching should continue by troops not taken up until they meet tram coming for them. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
RALEIGH, N. C., March 26th, 1865: 12 M. Lieut.-Genl. S. D. LEE, care of Capt. Buck, A. A. G., at Fort Mills, Rock Hill,
or Chester, S. C.:
From Now berry you should have reached railroad at Blackstocks or Chester, where instructions were sent you. I will order cars to meet you at Catawba bridge. Troops must continue to march along railroad, and trains will take up the first they meet with. Major E. Willis, at Salisbury, my chief-quartermas ter, will attend to your transportation wants. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
CHESTER, March 27$, 18G5.
To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
I have crossed nearly all my infantry over Broad River. Will get all wagons with me across to-morrow. Will send one division to Rockville on Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad to-morrow ; will move the other towards Charlotte the next day. S. D. LEE, Licut.-Gcul.
Telegram.
CHESTER, March 28$, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD:
One division will leave this point to-morrow morning. The other division will bo at Rock Hill to-morrow evening. Brigade with trains and artillery will bo at Rock Hill 31st, S. D. LEE, Lieut.-Genl.
Telegram.
SMITIIFIELD, March 30/7*, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Brigadier-General Bradley Johnson, at Salisbury, reports, on authority of Mr. Macrae, formerly of 28th North Carolina, a raid reaching Lenoir at 8 A. M. yesterday. He supposes it Stoneman's party, four thousand. Please communi cate with General Johnson, and, if necessary, go to the point to direct meas ures for meeting this expedition. J. E. JOHNSTON.
Teleoram.
RALEIGH, N. C., March 30/7?, 18G5.
Brig.-Genl. BRADLEY JOHXSOX, Salisbury, N. C.:
Keep me informed here, and General S. D. Lee at Chester, of enemy's move ments at Lenoir. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
RALEIGH, N. C., March 30th, 1865. Genl. S. D. LEE, Chester, S. C.:
General Bradley Johnson reports from Salisbury enemy's raiders (about four thousand strong) at Lenoir. General Johnson will keep yon advised of en-
emy's movements, and, if necessary, you will stop a part of your forces at or about Salisbury to meet and defeat him.
G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
RALEIGH, N. C., March 30£ft, 1865.
Geul. Jos. E. JOHNSTON, near Smitlifield, N. C.:
I have telegraphed General Lee, at Chester, to stop, temporarily, part of his forces at Salisbury, if necessary, to meet enemy from Lenoir. I'll go to Salis bury should enemy move in that direction.
G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
NEAR SMITHFIELD, March 3lst, 1865. Genl. BEAUREGARD :
Major Striugfellovr, at Greensboro', telegraphs that Colonel Hoke now reports the raiding party to be Terry. Telegraph to Brigadier-General Martin on the subject, at Asheville, N. C. J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
NEAR SMITIIFIELD, March 31sf, 1865. Geul. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Brigadier-General Bradley Johnson reports that Stoneman, with cavalry, is moving on railroad. You had better stop troops at Greensboro' and Salisburj' for the present. Be well for you to go as far as Greensboro'. Hurry up Fergu son coming from South Carolina. J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
SALISBURY, March 31sf, 1865. Genl. BEAUREGARD :
I have two brigades here; expect one more by morning, and I expect John son's battalion of artillery here by morning. I will begin to fortify here at the bridge to-morrow. Scouts are scarce, and not very reliable, aud their reports indicate a move on Danville Railroad by Stoueman or Griersou. One regiment of cavalry is expected here to-morrow night.
W. S. FEATIIERSTONE, Brig.-Geul.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIIL
Telegram.
SMITIIFIELD, April 1st, 1865. Genl. BEAUREGARD :
Following just received from Genl. R. E. Lee: "General Beaurogard can as sume command of all troops from Western Virginia and Western North Car olina that come within his reach. Generals Echols and Martin, commanding those troops, have been ordered to co-operate in opposing Stoneman."
J. E. JOHNSTON.
(5GQ APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIII.
Telegram.
ON RAILROAD FROM GREENSBORO', April 1st, 1865.
Lieut.-Geul. S. D. LEE, or Brig.-Genl. 13. T. JOHNSON, Salisbury, N. C.:
Should you have three thousand men and two batteries for defence of Salis bury and Yadkin bridge, send the rest of troops and one battery forthwith to Greensboro', and stop there, by telegraph, battery coining from Hillsboro'.
G. T. BEAUREGARD. Telegram.
HIGH POINT, N. C., April 1st, 1865. Brig.-Genl. FEATHERSTONE, Salisbury, N. C.:
Enemy reported yesterday evening about Huntsville, moving towards Salem and Winston. Push up troops rapidly as possible, and look out for him on way to Greensboro'. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
LEXINGTON, N. C., April 1st, 1865. Genl. J. E. JOHNSTON, Smithfield, N. C.:
On arrival at Salisbury, I find Stonemaa will probably move on Greensboro' or Danville. Have, in consequence, ordered Featherstone's troops to Greens boro'. Are there any at Danville ? Shall I send some there ?
G. T. BEAUREGARD. Telegram.
NEAR SMITIIFIELD, April 1st, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Your despatch received. If you find Stonemau going towards Danville, pro tect it if you can, as well as Greensboro'.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
HIGH POINT, N. C., April 1st, 1865 : 9.45 p. M. Genl. R. E. LEE, Petersburg, Va. : Geul. J. E. JOHNSTON, Sniithfield, N. C. :
Have just returned from Salisbury. Not now threatened by enemy. Re ported to bo about Huntsville yesterday evening, apparently moving on Greensboro', where I have ordered troops from Salisbury. Danville Avill probably be next point aimed at. Are there any troops there ?
G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
SALISBURY, April 1st, 1865. Major C. S. STRINGFELLOW, A. A. G.:
Lieutenant-Colonel G. C. Stowo reports Stoneman's advance at Jonesvillc, Yadkin County, last night, moving in two (2) columns, one on each side of tho river. Force from six to eight thousand (8000) ; six (6) pieces artillery.
J. F. HOKK, Comtlg.
Confidential.
RICHMOND, April 2d, 1865. To Col. OTEY:
I do not think Richmond and Petersburg will bo held by us after to-morrow.
BULLOCK.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIII.
Telegram.
SALISBURY, April 3d, 1865. To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
Up to yesterday at two (2) o'clock the enemy had not crossed the Yadkiu River. They are moving slowly, and eastward. Estimate at four thousand (4000), and seven (7) pieces of artillery. WM. LEE DAVIDSON.
Telegram.
DANVILLE, April 4th, 1865. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Please give me any reliable information you have as to movements of enemy, and disposition to protect the Piedmont Railroad. I have no communication from General Lee since Sunday. JEFFERSON DAVIS.
Telegram.
SMITIIFIELD, April 4th, 1865. To Geiil. BEAUREGARD :
It is too late for Wheeler to attempt to reach Danville. You must depend on reinforcing it with infantry by rail. To save time, I tell Wheeler to await fur ther instructions at Raleigh. Any more news of Stoueman ?
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
RALEIGH, April 5th, 1865: 11 A. M. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Am returning to army with command, by orders of General Johnston.
J. WHEELER, Major-Geul.
Telegram.
NEAR SMITHFIELD, April 5$, 1865: 7 A. M. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Events in Virginia will make Sherman move. Wheeler is therefore abso lutely necessary here. The returning troops and Ferguson are all that can be afforded for your object, especially as we do not learn Stoueman's objective.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
DANVILLE, April 5th, 1865. To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
Your telegram of Friday received; the reports in regard to the raiders very contradictory. Best evidence indicates that they have not been at Madison. The cavalry you have ordered here will be of special value at this time; with the infantry en route will probably serve the immediate necessity. Have sent courier to General Lee. JEFFERSON DAVIS.
Telegram.
MACON, April Gth, 1865. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Nothing certain known of movements of enemy since fall of Selma ; rumored at Montgomery that Forrest fought them yesterday at Columbus, Miss. This place and Southwestern Georgia in great danger. In two weeks I may get to-
gether six thousand men, including mounted and locals. I submit to you the importance of more thorough protection to these points and the invaluable resources of Southwestern Georgia. The enemy have reinforced Daltoii and other points beyond, and driven our pickets this side of Calhoun.
HOWELL COBB, Major-Geul.
Telegram.
MACOX, April 7th, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
From Montgomery General Buford reports Commodore J. E. Montgomery just arrived at Greenville. Ecports he left Demopolis Monday, and crossed Alabama River Tuesday; that General Jackson whipped the enemy, three thousand (3000) strong, that, moved from Tuscaloosa River, six (C) miles from Selma; the enemy retreated. Enemy's main column reported moving towards Demopolis.
HOWELL COBB.
Telegram.
FIFTEEN MILES EAST HENRY COURT-HOUSE,
via GREENSBORO', April 8th, 1865. Geul. G. T. BEAUREGARD:
At dark to-night the enemy was still in Henry Court-house. During the day he was reinforced by about eight hundred (800). They tell citizens that they will advance on Danville in the morning; as yet no buildings have been burned in town. J. T. WHEELER, Col.
TWELVE (12) MILES EAST HENRY COURT-HOUSE,
via GREENSBORO', April 8th, 1865. To Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
The enemy attacked me at seven (7) A. M. to-day. After a spirited fight were repulsed, with several loss on his side. Prisoners report Stoncman at Christiansburg, and say that he has sent troops on several roads, all of which are to concentrate at Danville. The force which attacked mo was eight hun dred (800) strong. Our loss small. I am now on the pike between Henry Court-house and Danville. Have scouts watching enemy, and will report any movements.
J. T. WHEELER, Col.
Telegram.
HEADQUARTERS, GREENSBORO', April 10th, 1865. To Col. G. W, BRENT, A. A. G.:
Reliably reported that Lee and army capitulated yesterday. You can depend upon this.
Jxo. M. OTEY, A. A. G.
Telegram.
GREENSBORO', N. C., April 10th, 1865: 10.45 P. M.
Have just arrived on way to Danville. Is my presence still necessary there ? Matters here require my attention. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Brig.-Gcnl. II. II. WALKER, Danville, Va.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIIL
Telegram.
DANVILLE, VA., April 10th, 1865. To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
I think your presence hero is needed. You must judge where you are most needed. I have what is likely to be a very active command, and only one foot; but will do my best if you cannot come. The President will be in Greensboro' to-night. II. H. WALKER, Brig.-Genl.
Telegram.
EALEIGH, April llth, 1865: 1 r. M. To Genl. BEAUREGARD :
Twelve hundred (1200) men, Pettus's brigade, are at depot to start to you. One-half leave immediately. ARCHER ANDERSON, A. A. G.
Telegram.
RALEIGH, April llth, 1S65: 4.30 p. M. To Geul. BEAUREGARD :
Send us immediately one hundred cars to remove stores from here. We can afterwards remove them from Greensboro'. One-half (1200) troops left at 3 P. M. ; other half at 4 P. M. These will make Greensboro' safe.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
Telegram.
GREENSBORO', April llth, 1865: 6 p. M. Genl. J. E. JOHNSTON, Headquarters, Raleigh:
Will send you all the cars practicable. Enemy cut road between this place and Salisbury at High Point and Jamestown; also cut road between this place and Danville, about twelve miles from here, this morning. Hope to repair road at High Point and Jamestown in short time. Can hear nothing of pontoon train. G. T. BEAUREGARD, Genl.
Telegram.
GREENSBORO', April 12th, 1865: 1.35 P. M. Col. OTEY :
Order the troops* sent to Salisbury to leave here by any trains which may be here. Let them start as soon as possible. If no trains be here, or can be had before the troops could march to the first break in the road, let them march forthwith to that point. Expedition is important. They must move with one or two days' provisions. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
GREENSBORO', April 12th, 1865: 12.50 p. M.
General Iverson reports that the "mail-rider " was captured by the enemy at or near Shallow Ford, and released. He reports that Stonemau's main body camped last night near Shallow Ford, on the west bank of the Yadkin.
May not this column now move down that river either to Yadkin bridge
* B. Johnson, with five hundred men.
(railroad) or Salisbury? Would it not be well to send, say five hundred men, under General B. T. Johnson, who is still here, to Salisbury ?
Jxo. M. OTEY. Gcnl. BEAUREGARD.
Order General Johnson to repair forthwith to Salisbury. I am surprised at his delay. Send five hundred men with him by cars to break, and five hundred more soon as practieablo after. Order trains from Salisbury to meet troops across the break. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Yadkin bridge should be well guarded on both sides—especially on south side now. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Inform Generals Ferguson and Johnson of enclosed news.
G. T. BEAUREGARD.
Telegram.
HEADQUARTERS, GREENSBORO', N. C., April 12M, 1865.
The aid of your cavalry will be required in executing the order communi cated to Brigadier-General Walker this morning, which is now repeated for your instructions: "Send cars loaded with the most important supplies to break in road, which, if not repaired, unload and return them to Danville for other supplies. Should the enemy advance in large force, sacrifice everything save your command." Recall your cavalry from the Valley, bringing them and all others you can collect to this place, after the shipment of supplies as above described. To economize transportation, fully equip your troops from the sup plies. What has become of the rest of your command ?
G. T. BEAUREGARD, Genl.
To Major-Gcnl. L. L. LOMAX, Danville, Va.
General Johnston to General Bcaurerjard.
BALTIMORE, Mix, March 30//>, 18(58.
MIJ dear General, —I have been told by a gentleman who has read the life of Mr. Davis, recently published, that it contains the identical statements of the interviews and discussions at Greensboro', in which we had a part, mentioned to you in my note of December 26th, 1867. That our statement may be on rec ord, too, I write you my recollections of these circumstances, suggesting that, where yours are different, you write the difference, and that, if yours agree with mine, you express your concurrence.
On the afternoon of April llth, 1865, I received at Raleigh a telegraphic order from the President to report to him at Greensboro'. I arrived about nine o'clock next morning (12th), and was your guest, your quarters being in a bur den car, near and in sight of the President's.
In discussing the probable object for which I had been called to Greensboro', we agreed in the supposition that it was connected with the decision of the question of terminating or continuing the war. Wo agreed, also, that it would
not be worth while to go into any military discussion before information was received of the condition of General Lee's army.
We were summoned to the President's office in an hour or two, finding Messrs. Benjamin, Mallory, and Reagan with him. We supposed that we were to be ques^ tioned upon the military resources of our Department. The President's object seemed to be, however, to give—not to obtain—information; for, addressing the party, he explained to us how, in a few weeks (he said two or three), ho would raise a large army by bringing back into the ranks those who had aban doned their regiments, and by calling out the enrolled men that the officers of the Conscript Bureau had been unable to bring into the military service. It was remarked by me, and supported by you, that men who had left the army when our cause was not desperate, and those who, under the same circum stances, could not be forced into it by the agents of the Conscript Bureau, would scarcely, in our present condition, enter the service upon mere invitation. No other subject was introduced.
General Breckinridge arrived that evening (12th), and confirmed the reports of General Lee's surrender, which had been spread through the country by fugitives from his army. We then reviewed the state of affairs, and agreed in the opinion that the Confederacy Avas overthrown ; that, practically, we had no longer a Government, because Mr. Davis and his Cabinet had lost all the attri butes of one : having no control over the people, no money, nor credit, nor basis of credit, nor army, nor ammunition, nor means for obtaining them. They could not, therefore, support the little army then existing. Under these cir cumstances we regarded it as criminal to continue the war, and thought that the only function of Government left the President should be exercised at once —that of making peace.
In consultation with General Breckinridge next morning (13th) I expressed to him these views of ours, and, believing that none of his Cabinet would do it, offered to suggest to the President to act upon them. General Breckiuridge promised to endeavor to make the opportunity for me. I also conversed with Mr. Mallory on the same subject afterwards, and he appeared to be anxious that negotiations should be proposed.
We were summoned to the President's office the same morning (13th), an hour or two after the meeting of his Cabinet. There I, as oldest, speaking first—you sustaining me—we compared the military forces: ours about 17,000, infantry and artillery, and 4000 cavalry; that of the enemy about 180,000 men, under Grant, about 110,000 under Sherman, and about 60,000 under Canby. We, with out the means of purchasing supplies of any kind, or procuring or repairing arms, could continue the war only as robbers or guerillas. Under such cir cumstances it was represented that it would be the greatest of human crimes on our part to continue the war, and therefore the opening of negotiations was suggested. The members of the Cabinet present were then invited to express their opinions. All, except Mr. Benjamin and Mr. Davis, agreed with us. He (Mr. B.) repeated something very like Seuiprouius's speech for war. Mr. Davis received these suggestions of mine as if annoyed by them. He said that it was idle to propose that he should attempt to negotiate, when it was certain, from
CG6 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIII.
tlio result of an attempt of bis to treat, that his authority to treat would not be recognized by Mr. Lincoln, nor terms that lie might offer considered. I sug gested that it had not been unusual for military commanders to arrange pre liminaries, which led to treaties of peace, and asked permission to make such an attempt. After speaking for a short time in opposition to that idea, ho sug gested, or rather consented, that I should propose an armistice to General Sher man, "to permit the civil authorities to enter into the needful arrangements to terminate the existing war," and sketched the letter to be addressed to the Fed eral commander. I immediately proposed that Mr. Mallory—a good penman— should write such a letter at his dictation, and that I should sign and send it. And this was done, and the conference then terminated.
Yours truly, J. E. JOHNSTON.
General BeaurcgarcTs Endorsement.
NEW ORLEANS, April WtJi, 1868.
I fully concur in the above recollections of General Johnston, relative to the events which transpired at Greensboro', N. C., at the time of the surrender of his forces. He took the initiative in suggesting the negotiations with General Sherman, and conducted them, with the assistance of General Breckinridge, to a successful issue, as far as that Federal officer was concerned.
I suggested to General Johnston the propriety of having a member of the Cabinet (General Breckinridge) with him to protect him from the invidious and ungenerous remarks which would certainly bo made, otherwise, by the sur roundings of the President, relative to any terms he might agree upon with General Sherman.
General Johnston telegraphed to that effect to President Davis, who was then on his way to Charlotte, N. C., and General Breckinridge returned to Greensboro', to take a part in the impending negotiations with General Sher man. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OP TENNESSEE,
April 16th, 18G5: 4 P. M.
General, — I have the honor to inform you that General Johnston's headquar ters arc established about one mile and a quarter west of Greensboro'.
In accordance with instructions from General Johnston, I have directed Lieutenaut-General Hardee to halt at New Salem until farther orders from these headquarters.
I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ARCHER ANDERSON, A. A. G. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGAIID, Comdg., etc.
HEADQUARTERS, ETC., GREENSBORO', April 16th, 1805.
Colonel,— General Ilardco is expected to be to-night at New Salem, on the road from this place to Ashboro'—about seventeen miles from here; direct couriers
accordingly. Enemy reported to be at Haywood, on Haw River, on road from Raleigh to Carthage. Respectfully,
G. T. BEAUREGARD, Gcnl. Col. GEO. WM. BRENT, A. A. G.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., GREENSBORO',
N. C., April Votli, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD, Conidg., etc.:
Sir, —I have the honor to submit the order of the President, of which the fol lowing is a copy, in relation to the coin held by me as Treasurer of the Con federate States:
" April 15M, 1865. "Mr. HENDREN, C. S. Treasurer:
"Sir, —You will report to General Beanregard with the treasure in your pos session, that he may give to it due protection as a military chest, to be moved with his army train. For further instructions you will report to the Secretary of the Treasury. JEFFERSON DAVIS."
I have, in accordance with said order, respectfully to request that you will at once designate the officer to whom the silver coin (estimated to bo $39,000) may bo transferred, the transfer to be accompanied by a schedule of explanation. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN N. HENDREN, Treasurer C. S.
General Beanregard's endorsement upon this paper read as follows :
HEADQUARTERS, ETC., GREENSBORO', N. C., April IGth, 1865. Respectfully referred to General Jos. E. Johnston for his information and action. The Hon. Secretary of War informed me this day that, in case of ne cessity, the sum referred to was to constitute a part of the military chest of the army to be used for its most urgent wants.
G. T. BEAUREGARD, Geul. 2d Comdg.
TREASURY, C. S. A., GREENSBORO', N. C., April 16th, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD, Genl. Comdg., etc.:
Sir, —I have the honor to again invite your attention to the wishes of the President in connection with the coin of the Confederate States remaining in my hands, as indicated in his order addressed to you, which I had the honor to communicate to you on yesterday.
In your reply to my letter I was informed that the matter would be submitted to General Johnston upon his arrival here (and ho is understood to have ar rived this morning), when he would designate the proper officer to receive the money. It is now half-past three o'clock, and I have not yet been advised of snch designation. In view of the public situation, and the risk to which I am subjected, it does not seem to me, isolated as I am from the Government, that I should be expected, nor am I disposed to attempt longer the vain and dan gerous task of its guardianship, and therefore respectfully insist that the ar-
(508 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIII.
rangcmcnt ordered by the President may l)e consummated without further delay. I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN N. HENDREN, Treasurer C. S.
General Beauregard's endorsement on this communication read as follows: HEADQUARTERS, ETC., GREENSBORO', N. C., April I6th, 1865.
Respectfully returned. I desire to have and will receive no admonition from the writer. This communication is considered out of place. I fully understand my duties and responsibilities. G. T. BEAUREGARD, Genl. 2d Comdg.
Duplicate.
HEADQUARTERS, GREENSBORO', April IGth: 1 p. M.
General, —General Johnston directs that you halt your command wherever this order shall reach you. You will draw all supplies from this post. Please report at once your headquarters and the position of your corps. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. WM. BRENT, Col., and A. A. G. Lieut.-Gcnl. WM. J. HAKDEE, Comdg. Corps.
HILLSBORO', April 17Ui, 18G5 : 2 p. M. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
At 2 P.M. I telegraphed General Brcckinridge to como here to-night; if he has not received the despatch, tell him to come to this house near railroad, two miles east of town. Answer. I must see him before 9 o'clock A.M. to morrow. J. E. JOHNSTON.
NEAR SALEM, N. C., April I7th, 18G5.
Dear General, —The order directing my command to halt was received last night. \Ve are all agog respecting the object, and surmises are made that negotiations arc afoot between Johnston and Sherman. If such be not the case, it would be well for me to know it as soon as practicable, that I may contradict it. The report, as you may well conceive, can do our troops no good. Very truly yours, W. J. HARDEE.
Genl. BEAUHEGAKD, Comdg., etc., etc.
GREENSBORO', N. C., April 17th, 18G5: 11.30 A. M.
General, —Your note of this day from near Salem has just reached me. I regret I am not at liberty to inform you as to your inquiry. General Johnston will probably do so himself in the course of the day, or as soon as he shall have returned from Ilillsboro'. Meanwhile, keep your troops well in hand for rapid movement at a moment's notice, should it become necessary. Respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. T. BEAUREGARD, Geul. 2d Comdg. Lieut.-Gcnl. W. J. HARDEE, Comdg. Corps near Salem, N. C. Official.
R. C. GILCIIRIST, A. A. A. G.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLVIII.
HAMPTON'S HEADQUARTERS, Api-il 18th, 1865. Geul. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
Please give the necessary instructions to carry mo by train from Greensboro' to Salisbury to-morrow morning.
JOHN C. BRECKIXRIDGE, Secty. of War.
HEADQUARTERS, NEAR SALEM, N. C., April 18th, 1865.
General, —A largo number of my command deserted last night—some with horses from the reserve artillery. I anticipate many more will go to-day and to-night. Very respectfully,
W. J. HARDEE, Lieut.-Genl. Genl. BEAUREGARD, Comdg., etc.
HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF TENNESSEE, NEAR
GREENSBORO', N. C., April 19th, 1865. General Orders, No. 14 :
It is announced to the army that a suspension of arms has been agreed upon, pending negotiations between the two governments.
During its continuance, the two armies are to occupy their present positions.
ARCHER ANDERSON, Lieut.-Col., and A. A. G. By command of General JOHNSTON.
Official.
KIXLOCII FALCONER, A. A. G.
Telegram.
CHARLOTTE, April 20th, 1865. Geul. G. T. BEAUREGARD :
General Duke's brigade is here without saddles. There are none here on this side of Augusta. Send on to this point six hundred, or as many as can be had.
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
Telegram.
GREENSBORO', April 20th, 1865 : G p. M.
President JEFFERSON DAVIS, Charlotte, N. C.:
Your telegram of this day just received ; has been referred to General Johns ton, who is now here. G. T. BEAUREGARD.
HEADQUARTERS, MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
Ix THE FIELD, RALEIGH, N. C., April 27th, 1865. Genl. JOHNSTON, Comdg. Confederate Armies, etc., Greensboro':
General, —I herewith enclose you copies of my Field Orders, No. 65, which give General Schoficld full and ample power to carry into effect our convention, and I hope at your personal interview with General Schofield you satisfied your mind of his ability and kind disposition towards the inhabitants of North Carolina.
In addition to the points made at our interview of yesterday, I have further instructed General Schofield to facilitate what you and I and all good men desire, the return to their homes of the officers and men composing your army,
to let you have of Ms stores ten days' rations for twenty-five thousand men. We Lave abundance of provisions at Morehead City, and if you send trains here, they may go down with our trains and return to Greensboro' with the rations specified. Colonel Wright did intend to send his construction train up to-day, but did not get up his carpenters in time. The train with square timber and carpenters will go up in the morning, and I think by the morning of the 29th your trains can run down on the road and fall in with ours of the 30th.
I can hardly estimate how many animals fit for farm purposes will bo " loaned" to the farmers, but enough, I hope, to insure a crop.
I can hardly commit myself how far commerce will bo free, but I think the cotton still in the country, and the crude turpentine, w r ill make money with which to procure supplies. General Schofield, in a few days, will be able to arrange all such matters.
I wish you would send the enclosed parcel for General Wilson, as it contains the Orders, G5 and 66, and instructions to release all his prisoners on the con ditions of our convention.
Now that war is over, I am as willing to risk my person and reputation as heretofore to heal the wounds made by the past war, and I think my feeling is shared by the whole army. I also think a similar feeling actuates the mass of your army; but there are some unthinking young men, who have no sense or experience, that unless controlled may embroil their neighbors. If wo are forced to deal with them it must be with severity; but I hope they will be managed by the people of the South.
I am, with respect, your obedient servant,
W. T. SHERMAN, Major-Gcnl. U. S. A. Official.
KiNLOcn FALCONER, A. A. G.
Telegram of General J. E. Johnston to the Governors of North and South Car olina, Georgia, and Florida, dated April 27th, 1865:
" The disaster in Virginia, the capture by the enemy of all our workshops for the preparation of ammunition and repairing of arms, the impossibility of re cruiting our little army, opposed to more than ten times its number, or of supply ing it, except by robbing our own citizens, destroyed all hope of successful war. I have made, therefore, a military convention with Major-General Sherman, to terminate hostilities in North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. I made this convention to spare the blood of this gallant little army, to prevent further suiTering of our people by the devastation and ruin inevitable from the marches of invading armies, and to avoid the crime of Avaging a hopeless war."
General Breckinridge to President Davis.
HALF MILE WEST OF SAVANNAH BRIDGE, May 3rf, 1865 : 8 P. M. Dear Sir, —I have not heard from you in answer to my note of this day, and the condition of things here, together with great fatigue, has prevented my going forward.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLIX. (571
Nothing can be done with the bulk of this command. It has been with diffi culty that anything has been kept in shape. I am having the silver paid to the troops, and will in any event save the gold and have it brought forward in the morning, when I hope Judge Reagan will take it.
Many of the men have thrown away their arms. Most of them have resolved to remain here under Vaugh and Dibbrell and will make terms. A few hun dred men will move on and may be depended on for the object we spoke of yes terday. I would respectfully and earnestly repeat the suggestions I then made. Let me know if you desire mo to adopt any other course than that proposed. If you are at Washington, or this side, I can ride forward in the morning to see you. Yours, very truly,
JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, Secty. of War.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLIX.
WAR DEPARTMENT, C. S. A., RICHMOND, VA.,
Dec. 4th, 18G4. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD, Montgomery, Ala.:
Your telegram of the 2d iust. is referred to me for answer. If General E. K. Smith can now act as you suggest, it would be well he should do so. You are authorized so to inform him, and to request his prompt action. He has, how ever, failed heretofore to respond to like necessities, and no plans should be placed* on his compliance. J. A. SEDDON, Secty. of War.
Circular. HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF TENNESSEE,
April 27th, 18G5 : 11.30 A. M.
The guns, caissons, and forges, with all the horses and harness of the artil lery of this army, will be immediately brought under charge of suitable officers to Greensboro', when instructions as to their further disposition will be given through Lieutenant-Colonel J. J. Garnett.
ARCHER ANDERSON, A. A. Geul. By order of Genl. JOHNSTON.
Circular.
HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF TENNESSEE, NEAR GREENSBORO', N. C., April 28th, 1865.
I. Corps commanders will immediately send to the Ordnance officer at Greens boro', under charge of Ordnance officers, four-fifthst of the small-arms, accoutre ments, and ammunition in their commands.
II. The field transportation of the army belongs to the troops, and at the end
* Probably the word should be "&as«Z," instead of "placed."
t Changed to six-sevenths. See General Johnston's telegram to General Beauregard.
of the march •will be fairly distributed among the officers and men of each or ganization. ARCHER ANDERSON, A. A. Genl. By command of General JOHNSTON.
General Johnston to General Beauregard. Telegram.
CHARLOTTE, May 9th, 1865. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD:
Second (2d) Article, one-seventh (|) instead of one-fifth of arms. General Canby requested to give transportation to troops from Texas and Arkansas.
J. E. JOHNSTON.
HEADQUARTERS, ETC., ETC., GREENSBORO', N. C., May 1st, 1865.
List of Staff-officers and Detached Officers and Men serving at the Headquarters. of General G. T. Beauregard, Second in Command, at Greensboro', N. C., May 1st, 1865.
GEXL. G. T. BEAUREGARD, C. S. A., SECOND IN COMMAND.
PERSONAL STAFF. Major A. R. Chisolm, A. D. C.
" A. J. Tontant, "
" R. T. Beanregard, Prov. Arty., A. D. C.
Second Lieut. A. R. Tontant, Tucker's Pioneer Regt., Acting A. D. C. Cadet II. T. Beanregard, C. S. A., Acting A. D. C. Lient.-Col. A. G. Rice, Vol. A. D. C.
" S. 13. Paul, " "
Col. Chas. J. Villere, " "
Brig.-Gcnl. Thomas Jordan, Acting A. D. C. Private J. A. Hincks, Bridge's Battery, Detached Clerk.
" James M. Kokernot, Confederate Batt'n, Detached Orderlj".
GENERAL STAFF. ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. Col. Geo. Win. Brent, A. A. G. Lieut.-Col. Jno. M. Otcy, A. A. G.
Private Jno. C. Latham, Jr., Co. A, 7th Georgia Cavalry, Detached Clerko " M. N. Blakemore, Orleans Gd. Battery, Detached Clerk. " James F. Salvo, Co. B, 25th S. C. Vol., Detached Orderly.
INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. Lient.-Col. Alfred Roman, A. I. G. Major Henry Bryan, A. I. G. Capt. Albert Ferry, " Private Chas. Weysham, Orleans Gd. Battery, Detached Clerk.
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. Lieut.-Col. J. R. Waddy, Chief Ordnance Officer.
QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.
Major E.Willis, Chief Quartermaster.
Lieut. Jno. J. Melleu, Crescent La. Regt., A. A. Quartermaster.
Private Henry C. Robinson, Co. A, 7th S. C. Cavalry.
Wm. H. Thompson, " A, 8th Ark. "
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. Major F. Malloy, Chief Commissary.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
Surgeon R. L. Brodie, Medical Director. " S. Choppin, Medical Inspector.
DETACHMENT COURIERS.
Second Lieut. W T . H. Ragsdale, Co. K, 1st S. C. Cavalry, Comdg.
Private Oliver Rickey, " A, " " "
" G. D. Copelaud, " B, " " "
J. T. Carey, " C, " " "
" A. Mallenhawer, " C, " " "
" Wm. Reedy, " D, " " "
" T. W. Weeks, " E, " " "
" R. Dukes, " F, " " "
" J. H. Belcher, " G, " " "
" J. E. Heise, <' G, " " "
" J. R. Harper, " H, " " "
G. D. Haste, " K, " " «
J. C. Hull, u B, 4th Tenn. Cavalry.
S. Manion, " C, 5th S. C. "
S UPPLEMENTARY.
Capt. J. F. Mathews, Engineer Corps.
" P. R. Proctor, Assistant Quartermaster.
Lieut. Jas. P. Proctor, Ordnance Officer.
Private Volney Metcalf, Jeff Davis Legion. " W. H. Ker, " " "
" A. Sledge, " " "
II.—42
(574 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER L.
GREENSBORO', N. C., May 1st, 1865.
In accordance with the terms of a military convention, entered into on the 26th day of April, 1865, between General Jos. E. Johnston, commanding Con federate Army, and Major-General W. T. Sherman, commanding United States Army in North Carolina, the officers and men whoso names are borne on this roll have given their solemn obligation not to take up arms against the Govern ment of the United States until properly released from this obligation; and they are permitted to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by the United States authorities so long as they observe this obligation and obey the laws in
force where they may reside.
G. T. BEAUREGARD, Gcnl. C. S. A., Comdg.
WM. HARTSUFF, Brevet Brig.-GeuL,
and A. I. G., U. S. A., Spec. Com.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER L.
ATLANTA, GA., Dec. 21st, 1882. Genl. G. T. BEAUREGARD, New Orleans, La.:
My dear Sir, —Your very kind and highly appreciated letter of the 9th tilt., enclosing a slip from the New Orleans Times - Democrat, containing an article signed " D," commenting upon my speech in Macon, Ga., last fall, in which I referred to the policy of the Confederate Government, in relation to the proper use of cotton, was received several weeks ago.
You will please excuse the delay of my response to it. Pressure of public duties has been the cause.
I thank you for the slip containing the article signed " D," to which I have referred. This article, in answer to what I was reported to have said at Macon, reproduces two letters: one from Mr. Memminger and one from Mr. Trcuholm, former secretaries of the Confederate Treasury, written in 1874, in reply to Gen eral Johnston's statement upon the same subject.
You asked if I have replied to this article; in answer I can only say that I have not, and do not think I ever shall. My views upon the question have been too long before the country to need any explanation from me, now or hereafter, so far as I sec. Whether Mr. Davis is the author of this article signed "D," or not (as you suggest he probably is), I do not know; and while I do not intend myself to make any communication to the public upon the subject, yet it might be very well indeed for you, or some one else who has time and ability who agrees with me on the general policy, to make suitable comments upon it, and especially upon Messrs. Memminger and Trenholm's letters, in reply to General Joseph E. Johnston. These letters, as they stand, are calculated to mislead, if not deceive. For Messrs. Memminger and Trenholm, I need hardly say, I ever entertained the highest personal respect; but their letters, it seems to mo, \vere not written with that mature consideration of the facts which was due to the magnitude of the subject. They are utterly inconsistent with each other, and are alike deceptive in argument. Mr. Memminger, for instance, makes no issue
upon the point that there were four millions of bales of cotton in the country at the time of the formation of the Confederacy; this point he seems to admit, while Mr. Trenliolm attempts to show that the entire crop of 1860, amounting to less than four millions of bales, had at that time been shipped from the South, either to the North or to Europe, and that there was no surplus on hand. If Mr. Trenliolm was right in his figures and facts, then why need Mr. Mernmin-ger, who was at the time at the head of the Treasury Department, have said what he did in defence of the Administration against the charge of negligence or a blunder in policy? Why need he have argued that there was no way in Avhich the Government could have got possession of this cotton except by "seiz ure, purchase, and donation," and the utter impracticability of the Government getting possession of the cotton in any practicable or feasible way ? This argu ment implies the presence of the cotton within the limits of the Confederacy at the time. Then, with Mr. Treuholm's figures and facts, what becomes of Mr. Memminger's argument that it would have required four thousand ships to have removed the cotton, which was impossible, while Mr. Trenholrn claims that it had already been done? He claims that 3,800,000 bales had actually been shipped, and was already beyond the reach of the Confederacy before its forma tion. How these gentlemen, with all their great eminence and ability, can rec oncile these views, I leave for them and others to settle.
Then again, how fallacious and delusive is Mr. Memminger's argument at tempting to show the difficulties attending the payment for the cotton in Treasury notes, and in this way flooding the country with a depreciated cur rency. The truth is, the plan advocated by me and my associates on this line of policy, from the beginning, was not to issue Treasury notes, to be given in payment of the cotton, but it was for the Government to offer as much as ten cents a pound for all the cotton then in the country, to bo paid for in bonds running for years at eight per cent, per annum. It \vas believed by us that at least two million bales of cotton would have been sold by the planters at these rates, taking the bonds as an investment running for twenty or thirty years, as might have been thought best. These bonds would not have been thrown upon the market as currency, for there was far too much currency in the form of Treasury notes already in the country: the planters would have held these bonds as an investment. This at least was niy view of it. Some might have sold their bonds, just as many people afterwards sold their Confederate bonds, given under what was known as the Confederate Produce Loan; and just as many persons to-day sell at a premium United States bonds; but these do not in this way become a part of the currency or tend to depreciate it.
What Mr. Memminger says about the short time from the formation of the Confederacy in February and May, when the blockade was declared, is equally without point or force ; it is well known that the blockade so-called, during the summer and fall of 1861, and the winter of 1862, Avas nothing but a paper block ade, it did not amount at all to an effectual closing of our ports; it was not un til after the early part of 1862 that the blockade was made effectual along the southern coast, from Savannah to New Orleans. In the mean time it appeared to me that, of the crop on hand, whether two or three millions of bales of I860,
(576 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER L.
and tlio two or three millions of bales of 1861, at least four million bales, with proper forecast and military energy, might have been gotten abroad before the ports were effectually closed as aforesaid. I maintained and showed conclu sively, as I thought, that two million, bales in hands of the Government could have been so used as to prevent the blockade from ever being made effectual. This I maintained in numerous speeches in 1861 and 1862.
The report of iny Macon speech, an extract of which is given by the New Orleans Times 1 correspondent, "D," in the main was correct, but in details was very erroneous. This must have been apparent to every intelligent reader. The word " reverently," in the extract quoted from the report, was not used at all by mo in that connection. The word used was "earnestly;" but I cannot now undertake to point out the various verbal errors in the report; but if the writer, "D," in the Times bo (as you say is supposed) Mr. Davis, he ought, it seems to me, to have denied the correctness of the statement of Dr. Craven cited by me in that speech. Dr. Craven, you may recollect, in his prison life of Mr. Davis, stated, in substance, that Mr. Davis, in conversations, admitted to him that if cotton had been used, as had been urged by some, the result of the struggle might have been different; and he said to Dr. Craven in substance that he himself knew nothing of finances, that he left all such matters to Mr. Mem-minger, the Secretary of the Treasury, and who was opposed to the policy. I have not the book before me, and only give the substance of what Mr. Davis said, as reported by Dr. Craven, to the best of my recollection.
The policy in regard to the proper use of cotton, as advocated by me from the beginning, is to be found in numerous speeches made, from the time the Con federate Congress sat at Montgomery up almost to the collapse which closed the war.
I send you an extract of one of these speeches, made in the town of Crawford-ville (the place of my residence;) in the fall of 1862; it was immediately pub lished in the newspapers, and has been in a book containing almost all my pub lic speeches, published in 1866.
The facts, so far as concerns my position during the whole time on this sub ject, I have never heard questioned. This is what I then said:
* The ability of a people to support and wage war depends partly upon their resources, and partly upon the skill and economy with which they are wielded. We have resources — elements of power to wage war successfully — -un known to Frederick or the men of 76. All necessaries of life, food and cloth ing, with the munitions of war, can, with skill and forecast, be made and sup plied within ourselves. This goodly land of ours is unequalled, or at least un surpassed by any other part of the habitable globe, in the character and variety of its natural products, suited to man's needs and wants in every emergency. Its mineral resources are also inexhaustible. It is a land well worth lighting for. Our means are sufh'cient; they have only to be properly and skilfully developed and applied.
"But besides the products necessary to sustain ourselves, to support our armies, and carry on war, we have another element of tremendous power, if properly used and applied — a resource and power unknown in European
wars, and unknown to our ancestors in tlie war of their revolution. Mr. Stephens here said he alluded to our great staple — cotton; and he should not have said more upon it at this time, than barely to ask those present to call to their minds what he had said to most of them last year upon that subject when he addressed them upon the cotton loan, but for some miscon ceptions that had got in the public mind, from a phonographic report of some remarks he made at a meeting lately in Sparta. Some, from that report, said Mr. Stephens, have taken the idea that I urged upon the planters there to plant largely of cotton next year. Allow me, in this connection, to say that nothing could be farther from the fact. I urged upon the planters there, first and above all, to grow grain and stock for home consumption, and to supply the army. What I said at Sparta upon the subject of cotton many of you have often heard me say in private conversation, and most of you in the public speech last year to which I alluded. Cotton, I have maintained and do maintain, is one of the greatest elements of power, if not the greatest at our command, if it were but properly and efficiently used, as it might have been, and still might be. Samson's strength was in his locks. Onr strength is in our locks—not of hair or wool, but in our locks of cotton. I believed from the beginning that the enemy would inflict upon us more serious injury by the blockade than by all other means combined. It was in the judgment of all a matter of the utmost, if not vital importance, to have it raised, removed, or broken up. How was it to be done ? That Avas and is the question. It was thought by many that such was the demand for cotton in England that she would disregard the blockade, as it was, and has been all along, not within the terms of the Paris agreement, that is, has not been at any time entirely effectual, though close enough to do us great injury. I did not concur in this opinion, as most of you well know. I thought it would have to be done by ourselves, and conld be done through the agency of cotton, not as a political, but as a commercial and financial power. I was in favor, as you kuow, of the Government's taking all the cotton that would be subscribed for eight per cent, bonds at a rate or price as high as ten cents a pound.
" Two millions of the last year's crop might have been counted upon as cer tain on this plan. This at ten cents, with bags of the average commercial weight, would have cost the government one hundred millions of bonds. With this amount of cotton in hand and pledged, any number short of fifty of the best ironclad steamers could have been contracted for and built in Europe. Steamers at the cost of two millions each could be procured every way equal to the Monitor. Thirty millions would have got fifteen of these, which might have been enough for our purpose. Five might have been ready by the first of January last to open some one of the ports blockaded on our coast. Three of these could have been left to keep the port open, and two could have convoyed the cotton across the water, if necessary. Thus the debt could have been promptly paid with cotton at a much higher price than it cost, and a chan nel of trade kept open till others, and as many more as necessary, might have been built and paid for in the same way. At a cost of less than one month's present expenditure on our army, our coast might have been cleared. Besides
(J78 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER L.
this, at least two more millions of bales of the old crop on hand might have been counted on; this with the other making a debt in round numbers to the planters of $200,000,000. But this cotton held in Europe until its price shall be fifty cents a pound, would constitute a fund of at least §1,000,000,000, which would not only have kept our finances in sound condition, but the clear profit of $300,000,000 would have met the entire expenses of the war for years to come.
"Iu this way cotton, as a great element of power at our command—such an element as no other people ever had—might have been used, not only in break ing up the blockade by our own means, without looking to foreign interven tion, but in supplying the treasury Avith specie to pay interest on their bonds, thus giving a credit that no government ever had before. The public credit is as essential as subsistence in war: such at least was and is my opinion. The Gov ernment, however, took a different view of the subject. Many thought it uncon stitutional; some looked upon it, as a project to relieve the planters; others thought it nothing short of a South-Sea speculation. I considered it then and now just as constitutional as to give bonds for gunpowder, or to buy other munitions of war. It was not with a view to relieve the planters, though its incidental accommodation to them would not have been objectionable, but with the view of wielding effectually the element of the greatest power we could command, that I wished the course adopted. This resource, then, this element of power, we still have, though not to the same extent. There is enough, however, to effect wonderful results, if properly used, as it can be. Wo may have lost a year or two, but we are far short of seven years' war yet. With our ports open, many of the present evils and hardships of the war would be relieved. We would no longer have to give fifty dollars for a bushel of Liverpool salt, or ten dollars for the roughest sort of shoes. With ports open and this in hand, wo should be much better able to make it a Peloponnesian struggle, if our enemy choose so to make it. This view and one other idea I presented to the people at Sparta, upon the subject of cotton, which I will repeat here.
"Many to bo met with suppose that by abandoning the growth of cotton, and burning what we have, we can force our recognition abroad. This, I told the people there, and tell you, is, in my judgment, a radical and fundamental error. England will never be controlled by such a policy. Our cotton should be treas ured up, not destroyed. More precious is it than gold, for it is more powerful, as a sinew of war, than gold is.
" Like gold, and everything else of value, it should be destroyed, if need be, to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy, but with no view to a foreign policy; nor should the production of cotton be abandoned with such a view. You could not please Lord Palmerstou better than to let him know that there would not be grown a pound of cotton in the Southern Confederacy for twenty years. The power of cotton is well known to and felt by British statesmen. They know it is king in its proper sphere, and hence they want the sceptre of this king for their own nse.
"The great error of those who suppose that King Cotton would compel the English ministry to recognize our Government and raise the blockade, and who
will look for the same result from the total abandonment of its culture, consists in mistaking the nature of the kingdom of this potentate. His power is com mercial and financial, not political. It has been one of the leading objects of Lord Palmerston, ever since he has been in office, to stimulate the production of cotton in his own dominions—or those of his sovereign—so as not to be de pendent upon us for a supply. This he cannot do to any extent while his inex perienced producers have to compete with us. Cotton can bo raised in their East India possessions and those of the western coast of Africa at eighteen or twenty cents a pound ; but it cannot be raised there profitably, to any extent, in competition with us at eight or ten cents.
"If assured, however, of no competition from this quarter, they could, or it is believed would, after a while get to producing it as cheaply as we can.
" Improvements in agriculture are slower in their progress than in any other department of life. No one can safely or wisely say how cheaply cotton may or may not be grown in those countries with a few years' absolute control of the market, nor that the quality of the article may not be as good. No one can tell what may.be effected by improvements in agriculture, and the introduction of new varieties suitable to climate and soil. More money can be made here by growing cotton now at eight cents a pound than could be made at eighteen cents forty years ago. The quality is also greatly superior to the old black seed. More persons can now pick three hundred pounds a day than could pick one hundred when I first recollect; and one hand and horse, or mule, can cultivate twice as much land It is a great mistake, I think, to suppose cotton cannot be grown as cheaply, and with as good a staple, fine a fibre, in other countries as it can in this—not in all places where it is now grown, but in some.
" We should not, therefore, think of abandoning the production of cotton with any idea of thereby advancing our interests, politically, abroad. This would be but playing into the hands of those powers who are trying to break it down. We have had to curtail it, and shall have to curtail it while the war lasts, espe cially while the blockade continues. Duty and patriotism, as well as necessity, require this. The first great object of all now should be to sustain our cause, to feed as well as clothe men in the field. To do this, besides raising sufficient provisions for home consumption, will necessarily require larger grain crops. To have an abundance for home consumption, and for the army, should be the object of every one. This is dictated by the highest considerations of home policy, and not from any view of advancing our interests abroad. On the con trary, after sufficient provisions are made for home consumption, and to supply the army, the more cotton that can be grown the better. How to regulate this is a difficult matter. When the duty rests upon all alike, to grow grain and raise stock for food, some may be disposed to neglect it. How to meet this difficulty is itself a difficult question. It might perhaps be done by each State passing a similar law upon the subject, limiting the production of each hand engaged in its culture. This would require concert of action. What the lim itation should be I am not prepared to say. I have not the necessary estimates and statistics.
"On the subject of foreign recognition, Mr. Stephens said he saw no change
in the prospect. Foreign governments, lie thought, were very mnch disposed to stand aloof from this contest. lie did not believe they really sympathized with either side—he meant the ruling classes. The masses of the people and the commercial interests generally, he thought, did sympathize with us. Not so with the rulers. They care but little for the success of either the North or the South ; some of our people were disposed to think that their sympathies were with the North, while the northern people were charging them with sympathy for us. lie thought they had no kind feelings for either, but rather rejoiced to see professed republicans cutting each other's throats. He thought the re mark reported to have lately been uttered by Caiiyle in his quaint style, em bodied in a nutshell the diplomatic feelings of Europe towards the cause on both sides. The remark was that "it was the foulest chimney that had been on fire for a century, and the best way is to let it burn itself out." * * *
From the foregoing extract it will be seen that I counted upon two millions of bales of the crop of I860, and two million bales of the crop of 1861, to be gotten out before the ports could be effectually closed by blockade. It was upon this basis the four millions of bales (not four million and a half bales), stated by me in my Macon speech, was estimated, and from this extract, with out further remark or comment, the whole outline of the policy advocated by me on this subject from the beginning clearly appears.
I will only add that I continued to advocate, this policy in the Confederate Congress. I also presented it with all the earnestness I could to Mr. Davis, the President, on several occasions; but he uniformly replied that it was a matter that belonged to the Treasury Department, and referred me to Mr. Memminger.
It is proper, also, here to say that notwithstanding Mr. Davis did not enter tain my proposition, and notwithstanding our differences upon other matters of policy, yet there never was any breach between us, and our relations were always friendly. But upon my urging the policy to Mr. Memminger, he persist ently, on all occasions, opposed it most decidedly. He was not only opposed to the policy upon the impracticability of working it, but also held it to be un constitutional upon some ground. I thought it altogether feasible and prac ticable in its operation, and considered it quite as constitutional as to give bonds for gunpowder or other munitions of war.
This letter you can use as you please.
Very truly,
ALEXANDER II. STEPHENS.
CS2
INDEX.
treville, 155; beginning of disagree ments with the President, 157; Mr. Benjamin, Secretary of War, 158; President Davis and the Manassas report, 163-174; organization of the Army of the Potomac, 170 ; battle of Drainsville, 172; the army in winter quarters, 172; review of the Manas sas campaign, 191-209; conducted by Beauregard, 192; why the victory was not pushed, 207; Beauregard transferred to the West, 211; meets Albert Sidney Johnston, 213; forces under their command, 214; Beaure-gard's defensive plan not adopted, 216; loss of Fort Henry, 218; confer ence between Johnston, Hardce, and Beauregard, 220; evacuation of Bowl ing Green, 221; loss of Fort Donel-sou,225; outcry against Johnston, and his defence, 226; what he might have done, 227; Beauregard's and Johnston's forces separated, and Beauregard to act at his own discre tion, 232, 238; directs Polk to evacu ate Columbus, 234; further instruc tions, 235; Johnston abandons Nash ville, 237; meeting with Governor Harris of Tennessee, 237; the military situation desperate, 238; Beauregard proposes offensive operations, 240; circular to Southern governors, 240; efforts to augment his forces, 242; letter to Van Dorn, 242; troops for sixty and ninety days not approved by government, 244; Johnston moves to join Beauregard, 244; evacuation of Columbus, 245; Federals prepare for an offensive movement, 248; John ston's move to join Beauregard, 249; Beauregard assumes formal command of the Army of the Mississippi, 249 ; Corinth selected as the point of con centration, 251, 258; apathy of the War Department, 252; Beauregard's preparations, 254; the Federals ap proach Pittsburg Landing, 255, 260; Beauregard's forces at Corinth, 259 ; refuses Johnston's offer to turn over the command to him, 266; Beaure gard remains second in command, 267; prepares "order of march and battle," April 3d, 1862, which is ac cepted by Johnston, 272; the slow advance from Corinth to Shiloh, 275; Beauregard advises the abandonment of the offensive movement, 277; John
ston refuses, and orders an attack next morning, 279 ; battle of Shiloh, 279-351 (see Shiloh) ; falls back to Corinth, 318; efforts to defend the Mis sissippi, 352 sq,; position of forces af ter Shiloh, 375; Beauregard prepares report of the battle, 377; disadvan tages of Corinth as a base, 383 ; prep arations for its abandonment, 388; the enemy deceived, 390; the evacu ation, 391; Beauregard's answers to the inquiries of President Davis, 396; takes up position at Tupelo, 400; un availing representations to the gov ernment, 401; continued ill-health, 403; turns over the command tempo rarily to Bragg, 405; President Davis assigns the command permanently to Bragg, 407 ; injustice of the proceed ing, 410; Beanregard advises Bragg to move upon Chattanooga, 412: hopes to be reinstated in his com mand, 413; presents plan of cam paign, 414; his reinstatement urged upon the President, 415; Mr. Davis peremptorily refuses, 418; Beaure gard reports for duty, ii. 1; assigned to the command in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, 2, 20; unpopu larity of Peniberton, whom he suc ceeds at Charleston, 2 ; loss of Beau-regard's papers, 3; the works, as left by Pemberton, 4; his plans set aside, 6; estimate of forces required, 9; Beauregard assumes command, 10; holds a conference of officers, 11; be gins the erection and armament of fortifications, 13; ordnance instruc tions, 15; Federal attack upon St. John's River, 16; unprepared condi tion of his third district, 17; estab lishes signal stations, 18; changes in the fortifications of Charleston, 21; asks for torpedo-rams, 22, 30; ordered to take possession of the coin of the Bank of Louisiana, 23 ; arrests those who spread false rumors, 25; instruc tions to his subordinates, 26; sug gests a conference between governors of the Southern and the Northwestern States, 30; repulse of Federal attack upon Pocotaligo,31; continues works at Charleston, 35; asks for negro laborers, 36; letters to Pickcns, Chest nut, Miles, and Cobb, 37; disappoint ments as to heavy guns, 39, 41; ar rests Ordnance-Oiiicer Childs, 42; is
683
ordered to release Lira, and proposes to resign bis commission, 46; learns of the movement of the Federal licet from Hilton Head, 46; further work upon fortifications, 48; affairs in Florida, 49; Federal movement to wards Wilmington, 51; Beauregard sends reinforcements, 52; expected naval attack upon Charleston, 53; plans to repel it, 56; the fleet dis persed by Ingraham's rams, 57; the blockade raised (January 30th, 1803), 58; Federal attack upon Fort Mc Allister, Georgia, 60, 63; night at tack upon Fort Suinter expected, 62 ; preparations to meet it, 64; the at tack repulsed, April 7th, 1863 (see Sumter, Forf),67-8Q; Beauregard pro poses to attack the fleet with torpe do-boats, 79; troops withdrawn from Beauregard, 81, 86, 87; his remon strance to the Secretary of War, 82 ; plans for a campaign to redeem Ken tucky and Tennessee, 84; letter to General J. E. Johnston, 85 ; Federal demonstration from Beaufort, 86; General Gillrnore in command against Charleston, 86; the Federal position and force, 87; Beauregard's letter to General Cooper, 88; remonstrates with General Gill more as to dep redations committed, 91; Beaure gard's kindness to prisoners, 92; asks for negro laborers, 93, 96; repulse of Federal attack upon Folly Island, 93; Beauregard strengthens his in ner fortifications, 95; Mr. Seddon's "searching inquiry," 100; operations on Morris Island, July, August, and September; Beauregard's report, 102-143; charges made by Mr. Seddon, 103; effective force, in the depart ment, 104; routes for approaching Charleston, 110; want of labor and transportation for the defence, 111; the Federals carry the south end of Morris Island, 113; assault on Bat tery Wagner, July llth, repulsed, 114; Federals on James Island driven back, 116; Federals again repulsed, July 18th, at Wagner, 118; bombard ment kept up, 120-130; Fort Sumter strengthened, 121; the guns of Fort Sumter rendered unserviceable, 129; evacuation of Wagner, September 6th, 133; the Federal success a bar ren one, 135; correspondence with
Gillmore on the exchange of prison ers, 137; the surrender of Fort Sumter demanded and refused, 140; Charleston ineffectual^ fired upon, from Morris Island, 141; Fort Sumter made an infantry post, 147 ; boat at tack upon it repulsed, 156; Beanre gard writes to Bragg, proposing plan of campaign in the West, 162; visited at Charleston by President Davis, 167; prepares for an attack upon Charleston, 171; the attack Novem ber 19th repelled, 172; circular to dis trict commanders, 174; writes to Soule", suggesting plan for campaign in the West, 177; sends reinforce ments to Florida, 184; applies for leave of absence, 192; is ordered to North Carolina, 193; transfers his command to General Sam. Jones, 194; assigned to the command in North Carolina and Southern Vir ginia, 194; foresees the Federal attack upon Petersburg, 196; alarm in Rich mond, 199; suggests plan to destroy the Federal forces, 201; battle of Drury's Bluff, 203; actions before Petersburg, 222-255; "bottles up" Butler, 223; predicts Grant's move ments, 225; plan for defeating him, 226; actions of June 17th, 18th, 231; Petersburg saved, 246; forces and loss es on both sides, 249; Beauregard's lines adopted by Lee, 255; ceases to be first in command at Peters burg, 256; movementsof the Federals, 257 ; completion of the fortifications, 258; Burnside's "mine fiasco," 260; its failure, owing to Beauregard's precautions, 269; events at Peters burg, 271; prejudice at Richmond against Beau regard, 274; dissatisfied with his position, 274; sent to inspect the works at Wilmington, 274; Leo thinks he would be given command in Northwest Georgia, 274; sent to settle difficulties at Charleston, 275 ; interview with President Davis at Augusta, 276; Hood's plan of cam paign against Sherman approved by Davis and Beauregard, 277 ; Beaure gard offered the command of the De partment of the West, to supervise Hood and Taylor, 278; arranges mat ters with Governor Brown of Georgia, 280; conference with Hood, 281; as sumes command of the department,
INDEX.
283; his circular to the people, 284; Sherman must be driven from Atlan ta, 285; still approves Hood's plans, but fears that he will not be able to execute them, 287; Hood's changes and failures, 288, sq.; Beauregard pro poses to leave Hood in sole command, 294; suggests modifications of Hood's plan, 297; urges him to greater ac tivity, 299, 301; goes to Macon to op pose Sherman in Georgia, 302; his command extended to the Atlantic coast, 303; his reasons for not coun termanding Hood's Tennessee cam paign, 305; efforts to reinforce Hood, 308; goes to Savannah to consult with Hardee, 312; informs the Presi dent of the situation in Hardee's de partment, 313; gives directions to Hardee at Savannah, 314; takes measures for the defence of Charles ton, 320; asks to bo relieved from the command in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in order to return to the West, 322; his final instructions to Hardee for the defence of Charleston and South Carolina, 323; leaves for the West, 324; Hood's defeat at Nash ville, 320, 329; receives authority to replace Hood by Taylor, 328, 332; urges that J. E. Johnston be restored to active duty, and offers to serve under him, 329; sends troops from Hood's army to Hardee, 331 ; goes to Mobile and Augusta, 333, 334; with Hardee, concerts plan for opposing Sherman's advance, 33(5; forces in Georgia and South Carolina, 337; Sherman begins his march, 340; Beauregard proposes concentration at Columbia, 341; feasibility of his plan, 342; instructs Hardee to evac uate Charleston, 344, 347, 349; goes to Columbia, 345 ; directs its evacua tion, 352; plan for crushing Sherman and Grant,355; his plan practicable, 356, 304; the burning of Columbia, 365-374; Beauregard announced as second in command to Johnston, 378; makes his headquarters at Raleigh, 380; Lee wishes him to take com mand in Western Virginia and Ten nessee, 383; the Federal force con centrated at Goldsboro', 384 ; the fall of Petersburg and Richmond, 386; Beauregard is convinced that the end has come, 387; Davis requests him
to meet him at Danville, 388; their interview at Greensboro', 390; con ference there between the President, Johnston, and Beauregard, 394; urges the President to open negotiations for peace, 395; receives $1.15, his last payment in the Confederate ser vice, 396; the surrender of John ston's army, 398-405: Beauregard prepares to return to his home, 408; his efforts to obtain promotion for his staff during the war, 409; fate of Confederate archives, 410; sets out for New Orleans, 411; want of money for the journey, and financial expedi ents, 411; incidents on the way, 411; what might have been, 414; arrival at his home, 415.
Beauregard, Rene T., son of G. T., i. 54.
"Beauty and Booty" proclamation, Beauregard's, i. 74.
Bells cast into cannon, i. 255.
Benjamin, J. P., Secretary of War, con troversy with Beauregard, i. 158.
Bentonville, N. C., battle of, ii. 379.
Blackburn's Ford, skirmish at, i. 93.
Blockade, the, might have been pre vented, ii. 421.
Bouham, M. L., Governor of South Car olina, i. 50, 89.
Boom in Charleston harbor, ii. 17, 44, 48, 71.
Bragg, Braxton, arrives at Corinth from Mobile, i. 250; Chief of Stall 1 sit Cor inth, 268 ; commands a corps at Shi-loh, 269, sq.; supersedes Beauregard in command in Mississippi, 407; his tardy junction with Johnston in North Carolina, ii. 364.
Breckinridge, John C., at Shiloh, i. 279, 8q. ; Secretary of War, ii. 394 ; favors opening of negotiations with Sher man, 395; urges Davis to sanction the agreement, 400; account of 1 lie demoralization of the President's body-guard, 405.
Brown, Isaac N., commands the ram ./;•-Jcanttas, at Vicksburg, i. 370.
Buchanan, President, his wavering pol icy, i. 35.
Bnell, Don Carlos, his slow advance, i. 262; forces under his command, 263.
Bull Run, battle of (see XfanassaH).
Burnside, Ambrose, his " mine fiasco," ii.260.
Butler, Benj. F., " bottled up" at Ber muda Hundreds, ii. 223.
685
Carondclet, Federal iron-clad, disabled by the Arkansas, i. 371.
Charleston, S. C., description of, i. 23; evacuation of, ii. 169, 351.
Chestnut, James R., i. 85, 87.
Chew, Beverly, his mission to Charles ton, i. 33.
Childs, F. L., Ordnance Officer, arrested by Beauregard, ii. 42.
Columbia, S. C., burning of, ii. 365-374.
Columbus, Ky., evacuated, i.245, 352.
Commissioners, Confederate, and Pres ident Lincoln, i. 31, 34.
Confederate friends in Washington, i. 89, 118.
Cooke, John Esten," Life of Lee," errors corrected, ii. 242.
Cooper, Samuel, Adj.-Genl., i. 13, 87, 91; ii. 20,45, 409.
Corinth, Miss., selected as point of con centration, i. 251; Beauregard's force at, 259 ; evacuation of, 391.
Cotton, how it might have been made a basis of credit, ii. 420.
Davis, Jefferson (see, also, " JUse and Fall of the Confederate Government"), meets Beauregard at Montgomery, i. 21; proposes to send him to Pensa-cola, 54 ; fails to accede to Mr. Treu-holm's project to buy war steamers, 55; consequences of this neglect, 61; disapproves of Beauregard's plans for campaign in Virginia, 78, 85; at Manassas, 94 ; sharp letter to Beau-regard, 122; responsible for fail ure of this campaign, 126; defends Commissary Northrop, 128; appoints Beauregard to a command in the West, 211; misstatements as to the battle of Shiloh, 344; interrogates Beauregard after the abandonment of Corinth, 396; removes him from the command, which is given to Bragg, 408; visits Charleston, ii. 167 ; his speech, 169; disapproves Beaure gard's plan at Petersburg, 202, 211; approves Hood's plan of campaign against Sherman, 277; leaves Rich mond previous to the evacuation, 386; interview with Beauregard, 390; is still hopeful of success, 392; con ference between the President, his cabinet, Johnston, and Beauregard, 394; authorizes Johnston to treat with Sherman, 395; sanctions the agreement made by them, 401.
Dixon, Lieutenant, destroys tho Fed eral steamer Housatonic, and is lost, ii. 182.
Drainsvillc, battle of, i. 172.
Drnry's Bluff, battle at, ii. 203.
Dupont, Admiral F. S., his attack upon Fort Sumter, ii. 66-80.
Elliott, Stephen, takes command of Fort Sumter, ii. 152 ; his account of the at tack upon the fort, 156.
Fairfax Court-House, i. 92.
Fairfax Conrt-IIouse Conference, the, Davis and Beauregard, i. 139.
Farmington, Miss., engagements at, i. 386, 388.
Finegan, Joseph, repulses attack upon St. John's River, Fla., ii. 16; asks for reinforcements, 24; wins the battle of Ocean Pond, 185.
Fleet, Federal, dispersed in Charleston harbor, ii. 57.
Forrest, N. B., receives command of the cavalry, i. 401 ; destroys Federal gun boats on the Tennessee, ii. 297.
Fox, Gustavus V., sent to confer with Major Anderson, i. 32.
Franklin, battle of, " a barren Confed erate victory," ii. 302.
Frazer, John, & Co., propose to purchase armed steamers in England, i. 54, 59 ; ii. 419.
Gillmore, Q. A., supersedes Hunter be fore Charleston, ii. 86; assaults and captures Battery Wagner, 102-142; correspondence with Beauregard as to exchange of prisoners, 137; de mands the surrender of Fort Sumter, 140 ; fires upon Charleston, 141; er roneous statement as to Battery Wag-uer corrected, 161; repulsed at Pe tersburg, 224.
Glassel, Lieutenant, damages tho New Ironsides, ii. 181.
Greenhaugh, Mrs., Confederate emissa ry at Washington, i. 89.
Gunboat and torpedo rams at Charles ton, ii. 47, 79.
Hagood, General, his encounter with a Federal officer, ii. 272.
Halleck, Henry W., his cautious ad vance upon Corinth, i. 382.
Hamilton, John R., his floating battery, i. 37, 42.
INDEX.
Hampton, Wade, on the "burning' of Co lumbia, ii. 372.
Hardeo, W. J., conference at Bowling Green with A. S. Johnston and Beau-regard, i. 220; commands a corps at. Shiloh, 2G7, sq.; assigned to command in South Carolina and Georgia, ii.227; refuses to surrender Savannah to Sherman, 316; evacuates the city, 319; evacuates Charleston, 351; incapaci tated by sickness, 358; fails to obey Beanregard's instructions, 375; bat tle of Bentouvillo, 377.
Harris, D. B., assigned to command at Charleston, ii. 276 ; his death, 277.
Harris, Isham G., Governor of Tennes see, calls out State troops, i. 237; at Shiloh, 296.
Hendren, John N., and the military chest, ii. 396.
Hood, John B., succeeds J. E. Johnston in command, ii. 277; his plan of op erations against Sherman approved by Davis and Beauregard, 278; his operations, 282, 287, 290, 292 ; crosses the Tennessee and takes the offensive, 296, 302 ; the battle at Franklin, 303; is defeated at Nashville, 326 ; propos es that his men should be furloughed for one hundred days, 330 ; his troops ordered to South Carolina, 331 ; is superseded in command by Taylor, 332.
Housatonic, Federal steamer, destroyed by torpedo-boat, ii. 182.
Howard, Oliver O., on the burning of Columbia, ii. 370.
Huse, Major, sent to Europe to buy arms, i.61;ii. 418.
Ingraharn, D. N., disperses the Federal
fleet in Charleston harbor, ii. 57. Isaac Smith, Federal iron-clad gunboat,
captured and re-named the Stono, ii.
58. Island No. 10 captured by the Federals,
i. 359.
James, George S., fires the first shot in the war, i. 42.
Johnston, Albert Sidney, meets Beaure gard, i. 213; rejects Beauregard's plan of operations, 216; evacuates Bowling Green, 221; outcry .against him, and his defence, 226; what he might have done, 227; joins Beaure gard at Corinth, 265; offers to turn
over the command to Beauregard, 266; his general order, 267; accepts Beauregard's " order of march and battle" for Shiloh, 273; decides against Beauregard's proposal to re tire, and orders the attack at Shiloh, 278; iu command on the right and centre, Beauregard on the left, 293; death of, 297.
Johnston, Joseph E., at Manassas, i. 96; at the Fairfax conference, 139; re marks upon his "Narrative," 181; put in command in the Carolinas, ii. 360; battle of Bentonville, the last in the East, 379; hopes to unite with Lee, 386; meets the President and cabinet at Greensboro', 394 ; author ized to open negotiations with Sher man, 395, sq.; surrenders his army, 404; his last general order, 406.
Johnston, W. P., " Life of Albert Sidney Johnston," i. 345, 348; sent by Prec-ident Davis to interrogate Beaure gard, 396.
Jones, Sam., bears letter to the Presi dent from Beauregard, i. 77; suc ceeds Beauregard at Charleston, ii. 194.
Jordan, Thomas, Adjutant-General to Beauregard, at Mauassas, i. 73; re ports as to Columbus, Miss., 233; re port of interview with A. S.Johnston, 270 ; account of battle of Shiloh, 309, 316, 321, 340, 343.
Keokuk, Federal monitor, sunk at Fort Sumter, ii. 73.
Lee, Robert E., instructions to Beaure gard, i. 67, 87; did not plan the de fences of Charleston, ii. 6; neglects Beauregard's suggestions at Peters burg, 247; but adopts his defensive lines, 255; takes command at Peters burg, 256; favors Beauregard's ap pointment to command in Northwest Georgia, 274; orders Johnston to beat back Sherman, 360; surrenders his army, 394.
Lincoln, President, his sectional views, i. 31; Southern sorrow at his assas sination, ii. 402.
Long, A. L., attributes fortifications at Charleston to General Lee, ii. 6.
Madrid Bend, preparations for the de fence of, i. 353; evacuation of, 358.
687
Mahone, William, consulted by Lee at Petersburg, ii. 253; at tbe " miiie fias co," 267.
Mauassas, battle of, Beauregard's pre liminary operations, 92; General J. E. Johnston accepts Beauregard's plan, 96; Confederate position and force, 97,113; the Federal attack, 99; the Confederates sorely pressed, 100; Beauregard and Johnston on the field, 101; " Stonewall Jackson," 103; the fight on the plateau, 104 ; the Feder als driven back, 108; arrival of Kirby Smith, 107; rout of the Federals, 109; Beauregard orders a pursuit, 110; cessation of the pursuit, 110; Presi dent Davis's congratulatory despatch, 111; losses on both sides, 112; discus sion as to renewing the pursuit, 114 ; alleged order of the President, 115; review of the campaign, 119-209.
McAllister, Fort, unsuccessfully attack ed by the monitor Montauk, ii. 60.
McCabe, T. D., " Life of Lee," errors cor rected, ii. 239.
McCown, J. P., in command at Madrid Bend, i. 353; evacuates the post, 353.
Merccdita, Federal steamer, captured in Charleston harbor, ii. 57.
Miles, William Porcher, i. 137,138.
Mitchell's Ford, skirmish at, i. 92.
Monlauk, monitor, unsuccessfully at tacks Fort McAllister, ii. 60, 63.
Morgan, John H., raid into Kentucky, i. 380.
Morris Island, i. 29,36; operations upon, ii. 102-142.
Moultrie, Fort, i. 24, 27, 29, 43, 45.
Nashville, battle of, ii. 326.
Navy, Confederate, of what it really consisted, ii. 421.
Negro laborers used by Beauregard, ii. 36, 64, 93, 96, 111.
Negro soldiers outlawed by the Confed eracy, ii. 138.
Xciv Ironsides, Federal monitor, at the attack upon Fort Snmter, ii. 72; in jured by torpedo-boat, 181.
New Madrid abandoned, i. 256.
Northrop, L. B., Commissary-General, i. 73,120, 128.
Ocean Pond, Florida, battle of, ii. 185.
Passaic, Federal monitor, crippled at Fort Sumter, ii. 73.
Pemberton, J. G., superseded at Charles ton by Beauregard, ii. 2; his charac ter and subsequent career, 10.
Petersburg, Beauregard at, ii. 201-273; its evacuation by Lee, 336.
Pickeus, Fort, i. 54.
Pickens, Francis, Governor of South Carolina, i. 21,25, 53; ii. 37.
Pillow, Fort, besieged by the Federals, i. 362; evacuated by the Confeder ates, 374.
Pocotaligo, repulse of Federal attack upon, ii. 31.
Polk, Leonidas, in command in Missis sippi, i. 233; evacuates Columbus, 245; commands a corps at Shiloh, 267, sq.
Port Royal harbor captured by the Federals, i. 51.
Prentiss, Benjamin M., at the battle of Shiloh, i. 284 ; captured with his com mand, 298.
Prioleau, C. K. (Frazer and Co.), pro poses the purchase of armed steam ers, i. 59; ii. 419.
Rhett, Alfred, in command of Fort Sumter till September, 1863, ii. 68,143, 150.
Ripley, R. S., his character and services, ii. 26; his disputes with General Sam. Jones, 276.
" Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov ernment," Jefferson Davis's remarks upon, i. 57, 61, 115, 128, 140, 145-149, 341,345, 350,405, 409; ii. 169,211, 216, 243,255,289,307,350,355,360,386,394.
Scarf proposed as a Confederate badge in battle, i. 75.
Scott, Winiield, testimonial to Beaure gard, i. 7.
Seddon, James A., Secretary of War, his erroneous charges against Beaure gard, ii. 103; directs Taylor to aid Hood, 310.
Sernmes, Thomas J., account of Presi dent Davis's refusal to reinstate Beauregard, i. 417.
Seward, William H., his statement of the attack upon Fort Sumter contro verted, ii. 71.
Sherman, William T., account of the battle of Shiloh, i. 280; thinks the at tack only a demonstration, 285; his camps carried, 291; Beauregard's cri tique upon his tactics at Shiloh, 338;
INDEX.
demands the surrender of Savannah, which is refused by Hardce, ii. 315; marches from Savannah, 340 ; at the burning of Columbia, 365-374 ; enters into negotiations with Johnston for the surrender of the Confederate army, 393; the final agreement and surrender, and virtual close of the war. 404.
Shiloh, battle of, i. '279-307; description of the field, 279; the opposing forces, 280; their positions,282; opening of the action, April 6th, 283; Prentiss forced back, 284; triumphant ad vance of the Confederates, 287 ; John ston in command of the right and centre, Beauregard of the left and re serves, 293; straggling among the Confederates, 294 ; Johnston killed, and Beauregard assumes command, 297; Prentiss's command captured, 298; Webster's batteries, 299; arrival of supports from BueH's army, 299; repeated but ineffectual charges, 301; Beauregard orders arrest of conflict at dusk, 304; troops bivouac in the Federal camps, 305; Beauregard tel egraphs a victory, 306; storm during the night, 306; arrival of reinforce ments to the Federals, 307; renewal of the action in the morning, 308; phases of engagement, 309-317; Beau-regard decides to withdraw, 318 ; the retreat towards Corinth, 320; the re spective forces and losses, 323 ; com mentaries on the battle, 326-351; why the movement was not made earlier, 326; why the lines of battle were formed as they were, 328; why the chief attack was made on the Feder al right, 329; the enemy taken by surprise, 331; Beauregard's criticism upon .Sherman, 338; the Confeder ates not withdrawn too soon, 340; the victory claimed for both sides, 343; some erroneous statements of President Davis corrected, 344.
Silver coin transferred to Beauregard, ii.396.
Small-pox, Confederate prisoners suffer ing from, sent back, i. 372.
Smith, Gustavus W., meets Beauregard at New York, i. 15; at the Fairfax conference, 142 ; in command at Wil mington, ii. 51.
Sonle", Pierre, presents Beanregard's plan of operations to the government.!!.176.
South Carolina, attitude of, i. 25.
Southern historians untrustworthy as to events at Petersburg, ii. 247.
Star of the West, The, i. 27.
Steven, C. H., his floating battery, i. 37, 41.
Sullivan's Island, i. 42, 43.
Sumter, Fort, surrender of, i. 47 ; condi tion after the bombardment, 51; at tacked by the monitors, ii. 66; force of the attacking fleet, 67; armament of Confederate works, 68; the action, 72; the Federal fleet driven off, 75; effect at the North, 76; bombardment of, July, August, and September, 18G3, 102-142; condition after bombard ment, 143-146; converted into an in fantry post, 147, 150; boat attack re pulsed, 156; condition of. in Septem ber, 1864, 27(5.
Swinton, William, "Army of the Poto mac," errors corrected, ii. 235.
Taylor, Ivichard, succeeds Hood in com mand of the army of Tennessee, ii. 332.
Tider, or Toutant, ancestor of Beaure gard, i. 2.
Torpedo-boats and rams, ii. 22.
Totten, G. M., dissuades Beauregard from resigning, i. 15.
Toutant (Tider), ancestor of the Beau-regards, i. 2.
Trenholm, W. L. (Frazer & Co.), pro poses the purchase of armed steamers, i. 55; ii. 409.
Tupelo, Miss., Beauregard takes posi tion at, i. 400.
Urquhart, David, statement as to battle of Shiloh, i. 274.
Van Dorn, Earl, arrives near Corinth, i. 379; engagements near Farming-ton, 383.
Van Home, " Army of the Cumberland," citations from, i. 310, 401.
Villepigue, J. 13., in command at Fort Pillow, i. 366; directed to withdraw from the post, 373; his death, 374.
Wagner, battery, on Morris Island, as saulted July llth, evacuated Sept. 6th, 1863, ii. 102-142.
Walker, L. P., Secretary of War, i. 19, 39,40,52,75 ; why he resigned, ii. 419.
Whiting, W. H. C., misconduct at Dru-ry's Bluff, ii. 209.
GSO
Wigfall, L. T., at Fort Sumter, i. 46; let ter from Beauregard, 82.
Wise, Henry A., repulses Gillmore at Petersburg, ii. 224.
Women of the South, their devotion to the cause, ii. 249, 411.
Young soldier, auecdote of, ii. 286.
APPENDICES TO VOLUME I.
Chap. I. —Documents relating to Beau-regard's resignation from the United States Army, and his being sent to Charleston, 421-424.
Chap. III. —Documents relating to the proposed attempt to relieve Fort Sum ter, 425-427.
Chap. IV. —Documents relating to the bombardment of Fort Sumter, 427-432.
Chap. VI. —Documents relating to af fairs at Manassas, 432-435.
Chap. VII. —Documents relating to af fairs preceding the battle of Manas sas, 435-437.
Chap. VIII. — Documents relating to the battle of Bull Run or Blackburn's Ford; Beauregard's report of the battle, 437-447.
Chap. IX. —Documents relating to the battle of Mauassas ; Beauregard's re port of the battle, 447-469.
Chap. X. —Documents relating to Beau-regard's command of the Army of the Potomac, 470-472.
Chap. XI. —Documents relating to af fairs before Washington, 472-478.
Chap. XII. —Beauregard's suggestions for the defence of New Orleans, 479, 480.
Chap. XIII. — Documents relating to the Confederate battle-flag, 480-489.
Chap. XV. —Documents relating to Beauregard's assignment to the com mand at Columbus, Ky., and the sur render of Fort Henry, 489-498.
Chap. XVI. —Documents relating to Beauregard's operations in Tennes see, 498-509.
Chap. XVII. —Documents relating to Beauregard's applications for officers, 509-515.
Chap. XVIII. — Documents relating to measures for the defence of the Mis sissippi Valley, 515-524.
Chap. XX. — Documents relating to the battle of Shiloh, 524-547; A. R. Chis-
II.—43
elm's report, 524; G. W. Brent's report, 525 ; S. F. Ferguson's report, 527; N. Augustin's report, 528; statement of B. B. Waddell, 529 ; Ja cob Thompson's report, 533; W. J. Hardee's report, 534; statement of J. C. Nott, 535; statement of Jacob Thompson, 535; Governor Harris's account of the death of Albert Sidney Johnston, 536; statement of Clifton H. Smith, 538; Beauregard's prelimi nary report of the battle, 539.
Chap. XXII. — Supplementary docu ments relating to the battle of Shi loh, 552.
Chap. XXIII. —Documents relating to Madrid Bend and Island No. 10, 552-565.
Chap. XXIV. —Documents relating to the occupation and evacuation of Corinth, Miss., 566-590; Beaure gard's instructions to subordinate officers, 566, 569, 573; communica tions to General Grant respecting burial of the dead and exchange of prisoners, 567, 568; to General Hal-leek, respecting infected prisoners sent for exchange, 575; writes to Gen eral Cooper respecting holding onto Corinth, 574; approves of Hardee's views respecting evacuation, 578; the movement sanctioned by Gen eral Lee, 580 ; various orders by Beau-regard, 581; his report of the evac uation, 587.
Chap. XXV. —Documents relating to the supersedure of Beauregard by Bragg, 590-594; Beauregard asks for money and supplies, 590; the re placement by Bragg, 591; General Bragg's commendation of Beaure gard, 592 ; consults Beauregard as to the proposed plan of operations, 593
APPENDICES TO VOLUME II. Chap. XXVI. —Documents relating to
the defences at Charleston, 435-
444. Chap. XXVII. —Documents relating to
the defences at Savannah and else where, 444-455. Chap. XXVIII. —Documents relating
to preparations at Charleston, 455-
461. Chap. XXIX. —Documents relating to
various operations in South Carolina
and Georgia, 461-465.
INDEX.
Chap. XXX. —Documents relating to the attack upon Fort Sumter by Federal iron-dads, 465-481; report of William H. Ecliols, 468; report of William Butler, 473; report of Alfred Ehett, 474; report of D. B. Harris, 477; Beauregard's report of the engagement, 479.
(.'hap. XXXI. —Documents relating to operations on Morris Island, etc., 481-493; Beauregard's protest to Gillmore, 483; his instructions to subordinates, 486 ; his report of the Federal occupation of Morris Island, 491.
Chap. XXXII. —Documents relating to the combined attack upon Battery Wagner and Fort Sumter, 493-511; Beauregard's instructions, 493; Charleston to be defended to the last, 503; Alfred Rhett's journal of the defence of Fort Sumter, 508; Gill-more demands the surrender of Fort Sumter, and threatens to bombard Charleston, 511.
Chap. XXXIII. —Further documents relating to the attack upon Fort Sum ter, 512-527 ; Alfred Rhett's journal, continued, 512, 515,519; various or ders by Beauregard, 516; slaves to be impressed for the defences of Charleston, 518; R. S. Ripley's re plies to inquiries of Beauregard, 523.
Chap. XXXIV. —Documents relating to operations in South Carolina and Florida, 527-538; forces in the de partment, 527 ; sinking of the Fed eral iron-clad Ilousatonic, 529 ; battle of Ocean Fond, Fla.; Joseph Fiui-gan's report, 530; A. II. Colquitt's report, 533; Beauregard's report, 536.
Chap. XXXV. —Documents relating to Beauregard's command in North Car olina and southern Virginia, 539-561; list of staff required, 540 ; proposed distribution of forces, 542 ; instruc-t ions to General Hoke, 544 ; telegrams to General Bragg at Richmond, 548, 554; General Hagood's statement, 551 ; T. M. Logan's statement of ac tion at Drury's Bluff, 557.
Cl«tp. XXXVI. — Documents relating to operations at Petersburg, 562-582 ; telegrams to and from General Bragg and others, 562; synopsis of General Wise's report of operations, June 15, 1864, 567; telegrams relating to Ber
muda Hundreds, 569; statement of Alfred Roman, 575 ; diary of Giles B. Cook, 578; statement of Samuel B. Paul, 579; statement of Samuel Chop-pin, 581.
Chap. XXXVIII.— Documents relat ing to the " mine fiasco," 583-591; General B. R. Johnson's statement, 583; F. W. McMaster's statement, 587.
Chap. XXXIX. — Documents relating to the battle of Weldon Road, etc., 591; General Hagood's account of the engagement, 591; Hood's and Sher man's movements, 599.
Chap. XL. —Documents relating to op erations in the military division of the West, 601-603.
Chap. XLI. —Documents relating to op erations in Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia, 603-614; Hood's report of the battle of Franklin, 612.
Chap. XLII. —Documents relating to operations in Georgia and South Car olina, 614-626; statement of forces, 616; instructions for the evacuation of Savannah, 618; John G. Clarke's statement, 622; General Buckner's despatch, 624 ; General Kirby Smith's despatch, 625.
Chap. XLIII. —Documents relating to Hood's campaign, 626-635; Hood's despatch of the battle of Nashville, 626; William Porcher Miles upon the arming of slaves, 629; various orders to Hood, 631; strength of the army of Tennessee, 633; Sherman's advance from Savannah, 634.
Chap. XLIV —Telegrams relatingto op erations in South Carolina, 636-639.
Chap. XL V. —Further documents relat ing to operations in the Carolinas, 640-648; falling back before Sher man, 640; Wade Hampton's plan of concentration, 641; Lee's statement of condition, and recommendation of J. E. Johnston, 642; Beauregard's ap peal to citizens to destroy roads, 646; Johnston's address to his troops, 648.
Chap. XLVI. —Documents relating to the burning of Columbia, 648-653; Wade Hampton's statement, 648; Beauregard's endorsement, 650; let ters from James L. Orr and John S. Preston, 651; testimony of Rev. A. T. Porter and Mayor Goodwyn, 651; ex tract from General Sherman's testi mony, 652.
691
Chap. XLVII. —Documents relating to operations in North Carolina, 653-659; Beauregard's instructions to Hardee, 653; various telegrams from and to Beauregard, 655.
Chap. XL VIII. —Documents relating to closing operations of tlio army, 659-671; telegrams of the advance of Sherman, 659; J. E. Johnston's state ment of the interview at Greensboro', 664; Beauregard's endorsement, 666; the last Confederate specie, 667 ; tel egrams relating to the suspension of hostilities, 668; Sherman's letter to
Johnston on the close of the war, 669; Johnston's telegram to the Southern governors, 670; Breckin-ridge's despatch to Davis, 670.
Chap. XLIX. —Documents relating to the disbandment of the army, 671-674; disposition to be made of arms and equipments, 671; list of Beaure gard's staff, as surrendered, 672; the parole. 674.
Chap. L. —Letter from Alexander H. Stephens on the use which might have been made of cotton by the Confederate government, 674.
ERRATA FOR VOL. II.
Page 223, line 20, for "90,000," read "51,000."
" 22, for "12,000," read "the entire 2d Corps."
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.
NOV 0 1947
DEC 2 194
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LD 21-100m-12,'46(A2012si6)4120
11980
REC S CIR. APR 2 9 15
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA