Educational Objectives

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

1) Describe the underlying principles for several different methods for measuring flow rate and flow velocity both in vivo and in vitro, including:

a) Doppler ultrasound.

b) Thermal dilution.

c) Electromagnetic flow meters.

d) Transit time flow meters.

e) Laser Doppler anemometry.

f) Hot film anemometry.

g) Particle image velocimetry.

h) Particle tracking.

i) Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

j) Qualitative flow visualization.

2) Describe, where applicable, the differences between in vivo and in vitro implementations of each measurement technique.

3) Determine which technique is appropriate for a given application and state why.

4) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

5) Collect velocity and flow data by one or more of these techniques in laminar and turbulent flow

6) Measure fluid viscosity with a cone and plate viscometer and devise other methods for this measurement.

7) Describe the data acquisition hardware for each technique, and display this hardware correctly in a block diagram.

8) Describe several different methods by which several different measurement techniques can be synchronized in time, including cross-correlation and various types of triggering.

9) Design an in vitro flow loop to simulate pulsatile flow in an artery.

10) Describe the principle of Doppler ambiguity as it applies to Doppler ultrasound and laser Doppler anemometry.

11) Simulate ambiguity effects in a Doppler signal.

12) Sketch the signals involved in Doppler ultrasound from both time and frequency domain and describe how each is related to fundamental mathematical relationships.

13) Rescale measurements taken in an in vitro model back to an in vivo situation.

14) Determine the accuracy of wall shear stress measurements obtained through different methods and list the advantages/disadvantages of each method.

15) Compare the Doppler and fringe models for laser Doppler anemometry.