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Tenses
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Rules for Forming the Actives
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Actives
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Passives
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Rules for Forming the Passives
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Present
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Take the typical present indicative active root.
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Change stem to -E-/-EA-/-A-/-IA-, depending on the conjugation.
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Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudem
II: moneam
III: ducam
IV: audiam
III-io: capiam |
lauder
monear
ducar
audiar
capiar
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Change the active personal endings to the passive personal endings
(-r, -ris/-re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).
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Imperfect
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Take the present active infinitive (second part fo the verb).
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Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudârem
II: monêrem
III: ducerem
IV: audîrem
III-io: caperem |
laudârer
monêrer
ducerer
audîrer
caperer
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Change the active personal endings to the passive personal endings
(-r, -ris/ -re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).
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Perfect
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Take the perfect stem from the third part of the verb.
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Add -ERI-.
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Add the regular active personal ending (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudaverim
II: monuerim
III: duxerim
IV: audiverim
III-io: ceperim |
laudâtus sim
monitus sim
ductus sim
audîtus sim
captus sim
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Use the past participle, the fourth part of the verb.
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Add the present subjunctive of sum.
( = sim, etc.).
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Pluperfect
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Take the perfect active infinitive (ending in -isse).
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Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudavissem
II: monuissem
III: duxissem
IV: audivissem
III-io: cepissem |
laudâtus essem
monitus essem
ductus essem
audîtus essem
captus essem
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Use the past participle, the fourth part of the verb.
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Add the imperfect subjunctive of sum
( = essem, etc.).
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